respiratory system part 2

Question 1

term for when smooth muscle relaxes, making bronchiole diameter larger

Answer 1

bronchodilation

Question 2

term for when smooth contracts, making the bronchiole diameter smaller

Answer 2

bronchoconstriction

Question 3

in bronchoconstriction the flow of air increases or decreased with resistance to airflow being increased by conditions that reduce the diameter of respiratory passageways

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

according to what law, the resistance to airflow is proportional to diameter of a tube

Answer 4

poiseuille’s law

Question 5

small change in diameter results in what

Answer 5

large change in resistance

Question 6

what does a small change in diameter that results in large change resistance do

Answer 6

decrease airflow

Question 7

what happens to the airway diameters in exercise

Answer 7

bronchodilation occurs-> reduces resistance to airflow-> increase in air movement

Question 8

what happens to the airway diameter in asthma attack

Answer 8

inflammatory chemical release -> severe bronchoconstriction

Question 9

bronchoconstriction decreases what

Answer 9

airway diameter

Question 10

bronchoconstriction decreases airway diameter which increased what

Answer 10

resistance to airflow and significantly reduces air movement-> death

Question 11

what is a medication that counteracts asthma attack effects by promoting smooth muscle relaxation in walls of terminal bronchioles, so air can freely flow

Answer 11

albuterol

Question 12

term for movement of air into and out of lungs

Answer 12

pulmonary ventilation

Question 13

pulmonary ventilation involved what

Answer 13

action of the muscles of ventilation and air pressure gradients

Question 14

what happens with labored pulmonary ventilation

Answer 14

more air moves into lungs due to activity of all of the inspiratory muscles which cause it to contract more forcefully than normal pulmonary ventilation, which causes a greater increase in thoracic volume

Question 15

what happens in forceful contraction=

Answer 15

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 16

what does forceful contraction produce

Answer 16

faster and greater decrease in thoracic volume compared to passive recoil of thorax and lungs

Question 17

what kind of relationship does pressure and volume have

Answer 17

inverse relationship

Question 18

what is boyles law

Answer 18

P=k/V

Question 19

P=

Answer 19

gas pressure

Question 20

k=

Answer 20

constant temperature

Question 21

V=

Answer 21

volume

Question 22

when we inspire, what happens to air pressure within the thoracic cavity

Answer 22

it decreases

Question 23

when we expire, what happens to air pressure in the thoracic cavity

Answer 23

it increases due to volume of thoracic cavity decreasing

Question 24

during inspiration, what happens to air flow in the lungs

Answer 24

air flows into lungs down pressure gradient

Question 25

during expiration, what happens to air flows

Answer 25

air flows out of lungs down pressure gradient

Question 26

the greater the pressure difference, what happens

Answer 26

the faster the flow rate

Question 27

if pressure difference decreases, what happens to flow rate

Answer 27

the flow rate also decreases

Question 28

muscle contraction ->

Answer 28

increase volume decrease pressure air flows in

Question 29

muscle relaxation

Answer 29

decrease volume increase pressure air flows out

Question 30

what is the process of measuring volume of air moving in and out of respiratory system

Answer 30

spirometry

Question 31

device or tool used to measure pulmoinary volumes

Answer 31

spirometer

Question 32

normal, quiet volume of air inspired and expired with each breath

Answer 32

tidal volume

Question 33

amount of air inspired forcefully after normal inspiration

Answer 33

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 34

amount of air that can be forefully expired after a normal expiration

Answer 34

expiratory reserve volume

Question 35

volume of air remaining in respiratory passages and lungs after most forceful expiration

Answer 35

residual volume

Question 36

maximal amount you can expire after a maximal inspiration

Answer 36

vital capacity

Question 37

sum of VC and residual volume

Answer 37

total lung capacity

Question 38

average amount of TV

Answer 38

500 ml

Question 39

average amount of IRV

Answer 39

3100 ml

Question 40

average amount if ERV

Answer 40

1200 mL

Question 41

average amount of RV

Answer 41

1200 ml

Question 42

average amount of VC

Answer 42

4800 ml

Question 43

average amount of TLC

Answer 43

6000 ml

Question 44

maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from lungs after fully inhaling (about 80% of total capacity)

Answer 44

forced vital capacity

Question 45

forced out in 1 second, volume of air exhaled in first second under force after maximal inhalation

Answer 45

forced expiratory volume

Question 46

% of FVC expired in 1 second

Answer 46

FEV1/ FVC ration

Question 47

what are obstructive diseases

Answer 47

COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

Question 48

what are restrictive diseases

Answer 48

polio, TB, fractured ribs

Question 49

what is MRV

Answer 49

measurement of amount of air moved through the respiratory system in 1 minute

Question 50

calculation of MRV

Answer 50

MRV= TV x RR

Question 51

what are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation

Answer 51

gender age, body size, physical conditioning disease states compliance of lung

Question 52

what is an example of a disease state that affects pulmonary ventilation

Answer 52

emphysema (alveolar wall degeneration), also less surface area

Question 53

in compliance of lung the ease of expansions decreases when

Answer 53

if inelastic fibers are present, collapse of alveoli, airway obstruction, and deformities of thoracic wall

Question 54

if you lose some elasticity what happens

Answer 54

greater compliance, easier to expand lungs, but recoil decreases

Question 55

what is lung recoil

Answer 55

ease of returning to orginal shape

Question 56

when does lung recoil occur

Answer 56

post elasticity or stretch

Question 57

in lung recoil, upon expiration what happens

Answer 57

tension on lungs is released and return to orginal, smaller size which compresses alveoli

Question 58

lung recoil also occurs due to

Answer 58

elastic recoil and surface tension

Question 59

premature not make enough surfactant=

Answer 59

immature lungs

Question 60

what is common in infants, gestation is less then 28 weeks

Answer 60

infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 61

how do you treat women with infant respiratory disease syndrome

Answer 61

give cortisol (cross placenta and stimulate surfactant synthesis

Question 62

what is pleural pressure

Answer 62

pressure in pleural cavity between parietal and visceral pleura

Question 63

pleural pressure pulls lungs inward or outward

Answer 63

outward

Question 64

what does pleural pressure aid in

Answer 64

alveolar expansion

Question 65

separation of pleaurae increases what

Answer 65

pleural pressure=pneumothorax

Question 66

what is pneumothorax

Answer 66

sudden collapse of lung

Question 67

what are 2 major causes of pneumothroax

Answer 67

penetrating trauma nonpenetrating traume

Question 68

examples of penetrating trauma

Answer 68

stabbed shot fractured rib

Question 69

examples of nonpenetrating traume

Answer 69

blow to chest medical procedure diisease severe spastic cough

Question 70

treatment for pneumothorax

Answer 70

chest tube insertion (reexpand lung) surgery (close opening to cavity)

Question 71

what is tension pneuromthorax

Answer 71

pressure in pleural cavity higher than atmospheric pressure

Question 72

large air collectioin in pleural space due to MVA. chest pain, SOB, rapid RR. hypothension and hypoxia are

Answer 72

life threatening emergencies

Question 73

what is a triad

Answer 73

collapsing lung shift in mediastinum and rebreathing

Question 73

how do u treat triad

Answer 73

need needle decompression