digestive system part 4

Question 1

what is the largest internal organ of the body

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

where is the liver located?

Answer 2

RUQ of abdomen

Question 3

the liver is inferior to

Answer 3

diaphargm

Question 4

what is the liver attached by?

Answer 4

coronary ligament

Question 5

the liver is what kind of capsule

Answer 5

CT

Question 6

the bare areas of the liver lack what

Answer 6

visceral peritoneum

Question 7

what are the four lobes of the liver

Answer 7

left
right
caudate
quadrate

Question 8

the right and left lobes are separated by

Answer 8

CT

Question 9

what ligament anchors to anterior abdomen

Answer 9

falciform

Question 10

what extends off inferior of the liver

Answer 10

ligamentum teres

Question 11

in the inferior view what do you see

Answer 11

cuadate and quadrate and porta hepatis

Question 12

what is the storage and concentrates sites for bile; made in liver

Answer 12

gallbladder

Question 13

what is a transverse fissue; BVs/ nerves enter and bile ducts/ lymph vessels leave liver

Answer 13

porta hepatis

Question 14

what do the hepatic ducts form

Answer 14

right and left lobes

Question 15

blood into liver through what (2) things

Answer 15

hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery

Question 16

porta hepatis separates what from what

Answer 16

caudate from quadrate lobes

Question 17

5 steps for the ductwork for bile and pancreatic enzymes from liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to duodenum

Answer 17

1. the right and left hepatic ducts first unite to form a single common hepatic duct
2. the cystic duct from the gallbladder joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
3. bile can flow from the gallbladder through the cystic duct into the common bile duct, or it can flow back up the cystic duct into the gallbladder
4. the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla which is an enlargement where the two ducts merge. the hepatopancreatic ampulla empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. a smooth muscle sphincter surrounds the common bile duct where it enters the hepatopancreatic ampulla
5. the accessory pancreatic duct empties pancreatic secretions in the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

Question 18

the liver is divided into what kind of lobules

Answer 18

hepatic

Question 19

what are the hepatic lobules surrounded by

Answer 19

CT septa

Question 20

where is the portal triad

Answer 20

at each corner

Question 21

what is in the center of each lobule

Answer 21

central vein

Question 22

what two things travel in opposite directions

Answer 22

blood and bile

Question 23

blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein-> ____________->____________

Answer 23

hepatic sinusoids-> central vein

Question 24

what lines sinusoids

Answer 24

kupffer cells

Question 25

kupffer cells play a role in what

Answer 25

innate immunity

Question 26

bile is made in what

Answer 26

hepatocytes-> bile canaliculi-> hepatic duct-> common bile duct

Question 27

what does the portal triad consist of

Answer 27

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct

Question 28

what collects blood leaving lobule

Answer 28

central vein

Question 29

how much bile is produced per day

Answer 29

600-1000 ml

Question 30

composition of bile

Answer 30

bile salts bile pigments cholesterol lipids and lipid soluble hormones lecithin

Question 31

what do bile salts do

Answer 31

emulsify lipids and neutralizes stomach acid

Question 32

what are bile pigments

Answer 32

excretory products

Question 33

what are the color of feces

Answer 33

greenish-yellow to brown

Question 34

what removes glc from blood

Answer 34

hepatocytes

Question 35

when hepatocytes remove glc from blood it stores what

Answer 35

glycogen, lipids, vitamins

Question 36

what is processing of nutrients

Answer 36

transformation substances into more readily usable substances

Question 37

what is detoxification

Answer 37

Make less toxic or enhance elimination NH3  Urea (remove in urine)

Question 38

kupffer cells have a role in what

Answer 38

phagocytosis

Question 39

what happens during synthesis of new molecules

Answer 39

produce plasma proteins cholesterol synthesis for PM and steroid hormones

Question 40

what is a sac for bile concentration and storage

Answer 40

gallbladder

Question 41

bile salts and pigments are 5-10x more concentrated than?

Answer 41

the liver

Question 42

where is gallbladder located

Answer 42

inferior to liver

Question 43

what drains into common bile duct

Answer 43

cystic duct

Question 44

what are the 3 tunics of the gallbladder

Answer 44

inner mucosa muscularis serosa

Question 45

what is the inner mucosa

Answer 45

rugae

Question 46

what does rugae do

Answer 46

allow expansion

Question 47

bile is released from GB by what?

Answer 47

contractions stimulated by CCK and vagal stimulation

Question 48

do large amounts of concentrated bile dump into small intestine shortly after a meal

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

what are insoluable aggregates ade in GB

Answer 49

biliary calculi

Question 50

if biliary calculi is stuck in cystic duct what happens

Answer 50

bile blockage

Question 51

would surgical removal be necessary is bad bile blockage

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

if stuck such that blocks pancreatic duct what happens

Answer 52

pancreatitis

Question 53

where is the pancreas located

Answer 53

behind stomach head is wrapped by duodenum tail extends to left abdomen toward spleen

Question 54

endocrine =

Answer 54

islet of langerhans for BS control

Question 55

what is controlled by langerhan cells

Answer 55

glucagon, insulin and somatostatin

Question 56

exocrine=

Answer 56

acinar cells for digestive functin

Question 57

what do acinar cells produce

Answer 57

digestive enzymes

Question 58

main pancreatic duct drains what

Answer 58

pancreas

Question 59

when the main pancreatic duct drains pancreas, it joins what

Answer 59

common bile duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter of oddi regulates opening to drain into duodenum

Question 60

where does the accessory pancreatic duct open at

Answer 60

minor duodenal papilla

Question 61

what are pancreatic secretions

Answer 61

pancreatic juice- aqueous and enzymatic components of duodenum

Question 62

what is included in aqueous

Answer 62

bicarbonate ions that neutralizes acidic chyme entering small intestine

Question 63

what is included in enzymatic secretions

Answer 63

enzymes that digest: trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic aymlase, pancreatic lipase

Question 64

what is painful inflammation of pancreas acute or chronic

Answer 64

pancreatitis

Question 65

what type of pancreatitis can resolve on its own

Answer 65

acute

Question 66

what is pancreatitis due to

Answer 66

alchoholism, certain medications, biliar calculi, pancreatic duct blockage, cystic fibrosis, high triglyceride and calcium levels viral infection and pancreatic cancer

Question 67

risk factors of pancreatits

Answer 67

obesity EtOH smoking FH pancreatisis DM

Question 68

symptoms of pancreatitis

Answer 68

Mild abdominal pain in LUQ/middle & Radiates to back, Worse after eat, Fever, Tachycardia, Vomiting. Chronic – Unintentional weight loss, Oily, stinky stools  Systemic shock & Coma possible.

Question 69

treatment for pancreatitis

Answer 69

IV fluids, Low fat diet/Abstain from food & drink, Pain meds, Cholecystectomy

Question 70

when and where do patients with pancreatitis likely experience pain

Answer 70

upper abdominal pain after food or when lying down