digestive system part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what kind of epithelium is in the mouth
A
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2
Q
what are two regions of the mouth
A
vestibule
oral cavity proper
3
Q
what is the vestibule of the mouth
A
space between lips or cheeks and teeth
4
Q
where is the oral cavity proper
A
medial to the teeth
5
Q
what are the boundaries of the mouth
A
lips
cheeks
palate
tongue
fauces
6
Q
where are lips
A
anterior
7
Q
where are cheeks
A
lateral
8
Q
where is the palate
A
superior
9
Q
where is the tongue
A
inferior
10
Q
where is the fauces
A
posterior, arched area
11
Q
lips and cheeks play a role in what?
A
mastications and speech
12
Q
what does the labial frenulum do
A
attachment of lip to gingiva in vestibule
13
Q
what does the palate do
A
separate oral and nasal cavities
prevents food passage into nasal cavity as chew and swallow
14
Q
role of teeth
A
mastication of food, aid in speech
15
Q
what does the tongue do
A
lingual frenulum anchors to mouth floor
aids in mastications
swallow
16
Q
what are types of teeth
A
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
17
Q
what do insiciors do
A
cut/ bite food
18
Q
what do canines do
A
teat flesh
19
Q
what do premolars do
A
grind, crush
20
Q
what do molars do
A
grind
21
Q
what are decidous teeth
A
baby teeth
22
Q
what are permanent teeth
A
adult teeth
23
Q
3rd molars emerge between 17-25 y/o -impacted= excised
A
wisdom teeth
24
Q
dental formular for baby teeth
A
2.1.0.2 x2= 20 teeth
25
dental formula for adult teeth
2.1.2.3 x2= 32 teeth
26
what are two major regions of the tooth anatomy
crown and root
27
what is the crown covered in ? and what is it exposed above?
enamel
exposed above gingiva
28
where is the neck embedded in
gingiva area
29
where is the root embedded
in jawline
30
what does the root of the tooth do
anchors tooth in the bone
31
bulk of the tooth is called
dentin
32
is dentin flexible
yes
33
what does dentin act as
shock absorber during biting and chewing
34
what does the pulp cavity contain
CT, BV, nerve that extends into root and become root canal
35
what are dental caries
bacteria demineralizes enamel
36
what is decay due to
plaque adherence to teeth, accumulates and calcifies forming tartar
37
what is gingivitis
inflammed, red, sore, swollen, and bleeding gums
38
can gingivitis be reversed
yes, if tartar is removed
39
what is gingivitis that causes pockets of infection that form deep pockets around teeth, destroy the peridontal ligament and osteoclasts activate and dissolve the bone
peridontal disease
40
peridontal disease affects what % of all people above 35 y/o
95
41
peridontal disease accounts for what % of adult tooth loss
80-90
42
what is mastications
chewing food
teeth cut, tea and grind food
43
mastications breaks what
large food particles into smaller ones
44
mastications increases of decreases surface area
increases
45
what digest food molecules at surface
digestive enzymes
46
is mastication is partially voluntary and partially reflexive?
yes
47
role of salivary glands
cleanses mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food and compacts it into bolus, contains salivary amylase, which begins carbohydrate digestion
48
what does the salivary glands do
breaks large food particles into smaller ones which increases surface area
49
what are 3 salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
50
what may become inflamed and swollen due to mumps
parotid glands
51
what is mumps
viral childhood disease
52
what does saliva contain
97% of water
electrolytes
salivary amylase
mucin
lysozyme
IgA
metabolic wastes
53
what is saliva a combo of
serous and mucous secretions
54
what stimulates saliva production
sight or smell of food
55
what are the 3 phases of swallowing
1. voluntary
2. pharyngeal
3. esophageal
56
buccal- food compacted by tongue into bolus, which moves posteriorly is what phase
voluntary
57
what phase is involuntary and the soft palate elevates as into pharynx
pharyngeal
58
in pharyngeal phase the respiration momentarily does what
inhibit and other routes blocked
59
what phase is there a successive constriction of pharyngeal constrictors
and upper esophageal sphincter relaxes
phayngeal
60
what phase is there peristalsis of esophagus
and the fod arrives at stomach and sphincter closes to prevent regurgitation
esophageal phase
61
orophaynx and laryngopharynx is involved in
digestive
62
what blocks the opening to larynx to keep food and drink from entering the larynx
epiglottis
63
what is a muscular passageway for food to stomach
esophagus
64
the esophagus pierces what
diaphragm at esophageal hiatus
65
what kind of epithelium is in the esophagus
nonkeratinized stratifies squamous epithelium for protection
66
the esophageal glands secrete what
mucus to aid in food passage
67
what is muscularis externa
skeletal muscle (upper 1/3)
skeletal and smooth (middle 1/3)
smooth muscle (lower 1/3)
68
what is adventitia
outermost CT layer
69
where is the upper and lower esophageal sphincter seen
at both ends of the esophagus
70
what is a hiatal hernia due to
abnormal weakened gastroesophageal sphincter-> upper stomach protusion into throacic cavity
71
what can hiatal hernia enlarge due to
stress of strain over time
72
when gastric juice goes into esophagus what does it cause
GERD
73
type 1 hital hernia is
sliding= 95% of all hiatal hernias, can slide up and down
74
risk factos for hiatial hernia
age
obesity
smoking
chest pain
heartburn
75
what % of populationi does hital hernia affect
20
76
diagnosis for hiatal hernia
esophageal manometry
endoscopy
77
treatment for hiatal hernia
watchful waiting
medications
surgery
78
stomach acid backflows into esphagus and irriates esophagus
GERD
79
S&S for gerd
heartburn
chest pain
dysphagia.
sense lump in throat
cough
brackish taste in mouth
regurgitation
hoarsness
80
gerd is due to
LES relaxing
as weakens backflow occurs
81
risk factors of gerd
Obese, Hiatal hernia, Pregnant, Scleroderma, Delayed stomach emptying, Smoking, Eat late at night, Fatty or Fried foods, Alcohol or Coffee, Aspirin
82
complications of gerd
Esophagitis Ulcer. Esophageal stricture, Barrett esophagus Esophageal CA.
83
dx of gerd
Upper endoscopy, Esophageal manometry (muscle)
84
treatment for gerd
Elevate head of bed, Antacids, Histamine (H2-blockers), Proton pump inhibitors, Nissen Fundoplication, LINX device (Magnetic beads) – Keep closed, but food still through. Lifestyle modifications
85
stomach is the storage and mixing chamber of what
GI tract
86
where is stomach located
left upper abdomen location
87
4 regions of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
88
where is LES or cardia sphincter in stomach
at top
89
where is the pyloric valve
at the bottom
90
large folds inside stomach is called
rugae
91
what does rugae allow
mucosa and submucosa to stretch and stomach volume increases
92
where is acid secretes in the stomach
gastric pits into glands
93
HCL - kills bacteria
parietal cells
94
Chief cells produce Pepsinogen called
pepsin
95
the stomach also secretes Intrinsic Factor, binds with Vitamin B12 & continual RBC production. If lack it, it results into
pernicous anemia
96
Surface mucous cells have Tight junctions that produce
alkaline mucus and neutralizes acid
