Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Structure and Function II > digestive system part 5 > Flashcards

digestive system part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

how far does the large intestine span from

A

ileocecal valve to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the four parts of the small intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 subdivisions of the colon

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of issue is the large intestine

A

simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what secretes mucus in large intestine

A

goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the large intestine has coat lining for what

A

feces to pass thru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long does it take for feces to go through the large intestine

A

18-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chyme->

A

feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how mucb chyme enter the cecum daily

A

1500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much feces is defecated/day

A

80-150 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

feces ?

A

absorb water and salts, secretion of mucus and extensive MO action
stored until eliminated via defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the cecum

A

proximal end of the large intestine, where joins small intestine at ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the cecum is inferior 6cm beyond

A

ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a smaller blind tube, 9 cm long and contains lymph nodules

A

verminform appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammation occurs due to Obstruction  Blockage of mucous secretions or intestinal contents, causes Enlargement & Pain. Bacteria causes infection.

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms of appendicitis

A

Sudden onset abdominal pain, Localizes to RLQ = McBurney’s Point. Referred pain from Inflamed appendix. Affects 500,000 people in US/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

treatment for appendicitis

A

Appendectomy. If BURSTS  Infection spread throughout Peritoneal Cavity Called Peritonitis = Life threatening! Also Gangrenous, Abscess.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cecum moving superiorly up right side, ending at right colic flexure

A

ascending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spans across from right colic flexure to left colic flexure

A

transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spans from left colic flexure down left side to superior true pelvis opening

A

descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

S-shaped tube extending into pelvis and ends at rectum

A

sigmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 specializations from colon

A

huastra
epiploic appendages
teniae coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the haustra do

A

puckering along colon length from teniae coli contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are fat filled pouches attached to teniae coli

A

epiploic appendages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what extends from longitudinal layer, runs length of colon
teniae coli
26
what kind of epithelium is in the mucosa
simple columnar
27
goblet cells predominate with
mucos secretion
28
what is straight, muscular tube spanning from distal end of sigmoid colon to anal colon
rectum
29
is the muscularis layer thin or thick
thick
30
what is 2-3 cm at the end of digestive tract
anal canal
31
where does the anal canal span from
inferior rectum to anus
32
the anal canal is smooth muscle very thick, forming what
internal anal sphincter at superior end
33
skeletal muscles forms what in the anal canal
external anal sphincter at inferior end
34
in the anal canal superior epithelium= inferior =
simple columnar and inferior= stratified squamous
35
what is a condition when rectal veins supplying the anal canal enlarge and become inflamed
hemorrhoids
36
Symptoms of henorrhoids
pain, itching and anal bleeding
37
treatment for hemorrhoids
dietary changes and medications
38
what is a global epidemic
hospital acquired diarrhea
39
what is hospital acquired diarrhea due to
clostridium difficile
40
what is clostridium difficile do
pathogen which normally inhabits colon
41
controlled by normal microbiota-
role is to synthesize vitamin K and breakdown cellulose-> glucose
42
normal gut microbiota prevents what
infextion via competition with pathogens
43
when on ABX, C. diff spreads and causes what
life threatening diarrhea
44
treatment for C. diff
specific ABX stops diarrhea intially
45
what can survive through harsh conditions
spores
46
bacteria can regrow when
it become favorable conitions again
47
C. diff can reoccur?
yes and cause ddeath
48
are ABX effective for C. diff
no more virulent strains have occured
49
where do u get the fecal transplant from
health donor
50
donations for fecal transplant are from
close family member
51
what do you do when u get the fecal transplant
mix with physiological saline, filter it, and then introduce into recpients Gi tract
52
how do u transplant to the upper GI tract
gastroscope or nasogastricscope tube to transfer materials to recipients intestine
53
is upper or lower GI tract transplant easier and cheaper
upper
54
upper GI tract transplans risk what
inability to reach end of large intestine or vomit fecal material
55
how do u do a lower GI tract transplant
colonoscopy or edema may be preferred
56
risk of lower GI tract transplant
large intestine perforation
57
what is a major secretion product from goblet cells on mucosa
mucus
58
what does mucus do
lubrication of large intestine wall and helps feces to stick together
59
what increases secretion
PNS
60
water, indigestible food, MOs are sloughed off epithelial cells
feces
61
increased frequency of watery content
diarrhea
62
produced via bacteria in large intestine, amount depends on specific bacterial population in large intestine and type of food consumed
flatus
63
what separates feces from flatus
3 valves
64
less frequency. may lack fiber, not drink enough water. hard stools, absorbed too much water from feces
constipation
65
how often does mass movement occur
3-4 x/ day
66
strong contractions of transverse and descending colon do what
propel contents over a large distance towards the anus
67
mass movement is very common after what
meals
68
mass movements is initated by
food present in stomach and duodenum
69
mass movement is most common when
15 minutes after breakfast
70
mass movements persists for
10 -30 minutes, then stops forever
71
what are 2 reflexes
gastrocolic duodenocolic
72
mass movement promotes
peristalsis of small and large intestine
73
mass movements mediate
PS reflexes and hormones
74
mass movements is stimulated by
thought or smell of food, stomach distension and movement of chyme into dueodenum
75
contractions move feces towards
anus
76
defecation is coordinated with
internal and external anal spincters
77
what do anal sphincters do
prevent defecations with cough or exertion
78
conscious control=
external anal sphincter= skeletal muscle
79
voluntary reflex=
feces expell
80
straining, defecation reflex
valsalva maneuver
81
large air inspiration causes
larynx closure and forceful contraction of abdominal muscles abdominal cavity pressure increases and feces forced into rectum
82
stretch initates what
defecation reflex and overrides external anal sphincter stimulation due to increased abdominal pressure
83
what else is valsalva used for
urination and childbiirth
84
breakdown of food into nutrients, which are absorbed into blood
digestion
85
mechanicl digestion =
mastication breaks down the large food particles
86
chemical digestion=
enzymes used to speed up chemical reactions
87
molecules move out of GI tract into blood
absoprtion
88
absoprtion occurs where
dudoenum, ileum and bulk in jejnum
89
once food absorbed what happens
1. water, ions, water soluble digestive products go to hepatic portal system and then to liver 2. lipid metabolism products go to lymph capillaries then thoracic duct to subclavian vein and then bloodstream to adipose tissue over the liver
90
breakdown of stomach -> monosacc
carbs
91
chemical begins in the mouth which is called
salivary amylase
92
continues through small intestine->
pancreatic amylase
93
finally what in intestine
disaccharides
94
breakdown of proteins->
amino acids
95
where does the breakdown of proteins start
the stomach
96
protein breakdown continues through small intestine w three pancreatic proteases called
trypsin, chymotrpsin, carboxypeptidase
97
peptidase in
intestine
98
breakdown of lipids->
monoglyceride and 3 fatty acids
99
bile=
emulsifies fats via bile salts- increase surface area
100
lipid breakdown begins and ends in
small intestine= pancreatic lipase
101
what is emulsificaton
the process of maling a lipid aggregate more soluble by breaking it down into smaller chunks through the use of dtergent

Human Structure and Function II (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions