Chapter 20 Part 2

Question 1

there is a plate of fibrous ct between what

Answer 1

atria and ventricles

Question 2

the plate of fibrous ct between the atria and ventricles forms a fibrous rings around the

Answer 2

AV and SL valves

Question 3

functions of the heart skeleton

Answer 3

1. support for AV and SL valves by reinforcing valve openings
2. acts as electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
3. rigid site to which cardiac muscles attach

Question 4

the conducting system in the heart is a relay system for

Answer 4

action potentials

Question 5

specializes cardiac muscle cells=

Answer 5

autorhythmic

Question 6

cardiac pacemaker cells

Answer 6

SA node

Question 7

cardiac pacemaker cells are able to depolarize spontaneously and

Answer 7

pace the heart

Question 8

cardiac pacemaker cells initate aps that spread throuhgout the heart and trigger

Answer 8

rhythmic contractions

Question 9

conducting system allows synchronous heart activity otherwise

Answer 9

there would be slower impulses

Question 10

what is located in right aterial wall, inferior to SVC

Answer 10

sinoartial node

Question 11

pacemaker is how many impulses per minute

Answer 11

75

Question 12

what determines HR

Answer 12

sinus rhythm

Question 13

wave of depolarization spreads via

Answer 13

gap junctions in atria and via internodal pathway to av node

Question 14

what is located in inferior interatrial septum superior to tricuspid valve

Answer 14

av node
atrioventricular node

Question 15

the av node impulse is delayed by

Answer 15

0.1 seconds

Question 16

what is located in superior interventricular septum

Answer 16

av bundle

Question 17

what is the only electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

Answer 17

av bundle

Question 18

the cardiac skeleton in av bundle=

Answer 18

nonconducting and insulates the rest of av junction

Question 19

what is extended beneath the endocardium of the itnerventricular septum to apex of r and l ventricles

Answer 19

left and right bundle branches

Question 20

what is inferior terminal branches of the bundles

Answer 20

purkinje fibers

Question 21

what has fewer myofibrils, structural modifications: intercalated disc and gap junctions well developed and plentiful, allows aps to travel along purkinje fibers much faster than other cardiac muscle

Answer 21

purkinje fibers

Question 22

ectopic focus is defined as

Answer 22

abnormal pacemaker= any part of the heart other than the SA node generates heartbeat

Question 23

ectopic focus may be due to

Answer 23

abnormal sa node, hypreexcitable state= premature

Question 24

ectopic focus can be due to inflammation or ischemia which causes

Answer 24

cardiac tissue injury

Question 25

if av node becomes the pacemaker what is the bpm

Answer 25

40-60

Question 26

if av node becomes the pacemaker it is referred to as

Answer 26

junctional rhythm

Question 27

ectopic focus can also be due to

Answer 27

conduction pathway blockage; not go through the AV node= hr 30 bpm

Question 28

record of electrical activity of the heart

Answer 28

electrocardiogram

Question 29

where are the electrodes placed in electrocardiogram

Answer 29

body surface on the chest wall, upper arms and legs and attached to recording device

Question 30

when is electrocardiogram used to diagnose

Answer 30

abnormality in cardiac cycle

Question 31

are ekg invasive

Answer 31

no

Question 32

ekg dx

Answer 32

arrythmias, abnormal conduction pathways, hypertrophy/atrophy of heart and location of cardiac tissue damage

Question 33

p wave=

Answer 33

atrial depolarizaton-> atrial contraction

Question 34

qrs wave=

Answer 34

ventricular depolarization-> ventricular contraction

Question 35

t wave+ ventricular repolarization->

Answer 35

precedes ventricular relaxation

Question 36

2 pumps work together:

Answer 36

atrial pump and ventricle pump

Question 37

atrial pump or primer pump does what

Answer 37

fills ventricles with blood

Question 38

ventricle pump or power pump does what

Answer 38

sends blood to body and lungs

Question 39

2 phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 39

systole and diastole

Question 40

systole means

Answer 40

contract

Question 41

diastole means

Answer 41

relax

Question 42

in ventricular filling

Answer 42

relaxed chambers low heart pressure as blood through atria, av valves and passively into ventricles atria contract then relax when atria contract= active ventricular filling

Question 43

ventricular systole

Answer 43

ventricles contract, pressure closes av

Question 44

isovolumetric contraction=

Answer 44

briefly all valves closed

Question 45

ventricular ejection=

Answer 45

ventricle pressure increases, SL valves forced open and blood out

Question 46

isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 46

ventricles relax, pressure drops, aortic and pulmonary trunk blood backflows brief closing of SL valves= isovolumetric relaxation

Question 47

heart sounds are

Answer 47

produced by pumping heart

Question 48

u hear heart sounds with

Answer 48

sthethoscope

Question 49

heart sounds are produced as

Answer 49

valves closes

Question 50

S1: 1st heart sound=LUB (closing of av valves)

Answer 50

beginning of ventricular systole

Question 51

S2: 2nd heart sound= DUB (closing of SL valves)

Answer 51

beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 52

S3: 3rd = ventricular gallop in early diastole

Answer 52

normal on kids and athletes (tuberlence) vs >35= CHF

Question 53

S4: 4th= atrial gallop in late diastole

Answer 53

always abnormal: HTN or aortic stenosis

Question 54

murmurs indicate

Answer 54

cardiac abnormalities

Question 55

incompetent/ insufficient valve=

Answer 55

leaking backward s valve flaps not close properly regurgitation-> tuberlence

Question 56

stenosis=

Answer 56

narrow/stiff= turbulent rushing sound prior to valve opens

Question 57

both increase the amount of work done by cardiac muscle->

Answer 57

heart failure

Question 58

murmurs can also be caused by

Answer 58

MI, congential abnormalities