urinary part 3

Question 1

filtration=

Answer 1

renal corpuscle

Question 2

reabsorption=

Answer 2

PCT
loop
DCT
collecting duct

Question 3

secretion=

Answer 3

DCT
minimal in PCT

Question 4

what is driving force in glomerular capillaries

Answer 4

BP

Question 5

fluid and small molecules out of blood->

Answer 5

filtrate

Question 6

filtration is based on what

Answer 6

size/ charge of molecules
blood cells
most proteins (not go through)

Question 7

filtration only removes substances that are what?

Answer 7

small enough to fit through filtration membrane

Question 8

renal fraction

Answer 8

CO % flowing through Kidneys / minute (12-30% - AVERAGES 21%)

Question 9

renal blood flow rate

Answer 9

CO x Renal Fraction = 5600 ml/min x 0.21 = 1176 ml/min

Question 10

= Renal Blood Flow Rate x % Plasma portion of Whole Blood = 1176 x 0.55 = 650 ml/min

Answer 10

renal plasma flow rate

Question 11

filtration fraction=

Answer 11

= % Plasma filtered from Blood = ~19%

Question 12

= Renal Plasma Flow Rate x Filtration Fraction
650 ml/min x 0.19 = ~125 ml/min FILTRATE = ~180 L of Filtrate Produced DAILY

Answer 12

glomerular filtration rate

Question 13

99% of filtrate volume is reabsorbed what happens to the other 1%

Answer 13

removed in urine

Question 14

what does GFR assess

Answer 14

severity of renal disease

Question 15

what is an intrinsic mechanism

Answer 15

autoregulation (due to renal corpuscles structures)
myogenic mechanism
tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 16

how is myogenic mechanism done

Answer 16

smooth muscle stretch to change the BP

Question 17

what does tubuloglomerular feedback do

Answer 17

matches filtrate flow past the macula densa of JGA and GFR

Question 18

what does increase flow cause in tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 18

JG cells of afferent arteriole to constrict

Question 19

what decreases due to less glomerular capillary pressure

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

what are extrinsic mechanism

Answer 20

controlled by ANS and hormones

Question 21

in severe conditions means arterial pressure drops which causes

Answer 21

SNS significantly decreases renal blood flow and GFR to keep BP homeostatically stavle

Question 22

intense stimulation with shock or vigorous exercise =

Answer 22

decrease rate of filtrate formation to a few ml/ min

Question 23

if xs shock what happens

Answer 23

vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles, renal damage, TX quick

Question 24

if low BP what happens

Answer 24

JG cells secrete enzyme renin to keep GFR stable

Question 25

what moves H2O and filtered molecules back into blood via peritubular capillaries

Answer 25

transport proteins

Question 26

what of solutes that are useful

Answer 26

retention

Question 27

what mvoes 2 molecules or ions in the same direction

Answer 27

symporters

Question 28

there is secondary active transport with what

Answer 28

Na diffusion energy driving movement of 2nd ion/ molecule

Question 29

tubular reabsorption occurs where

Answer 29

PCT

Question 30

tubular reabsorption is necessary for what

Answer 30

preventing dehydration

Question 31

nearly 9% of solutes and H2O are quickly returned to blood in what

Answer 31

renal tubes for quick toxic removal

Question 32

examples of things reabsorbed

Answer 32

AA Glc Frc Na K Ca

Question 33

where is tubular secretion

Answer 33

mostly in PCT and secreted into DCT and CD

Question 34

what are examples of tubular secretion

Answer 34

Toxic By-Products of Metabolism & Drugs or Molecules NOT normally made in Body Ammonia is Toxic By-product of Protein metabolism, Also K+, ACh, Epi, Bile pigments, Urea, Uric acid, Drugs, Toxins & Morphine Antiport = Kidney secretes H+, regulating pH (Too acidic = Kidney secretes

Question 35

what are 3 urine concentration mechanism

Answer 35

1. countercurrent mechanism 2. medullary concentration gradient 3. hormonal mechanisms

Question 36

Fluid in separate structures flow in opposite directions, and as pass materials exchanged Imperative to Conserve or Eliminate water in Body

Answer 36

countercurrent mechanism

Question 37

what is the countecurrent multiplier

Answer 37

nephron loop

Question 38

what is the countercurrent exchanger

Answer 38

vasa recta

Question 39

what does the countercurrent multiplier do

Answer 39

responsible for large % of very high concentration of solutes found in IF within the renal medulla

Question 40

what does the countercurrent exchanger do

Answer 40

maintains high solute concetration in IF, flow rate and BP in vasa recta is slow and slow, blood and IF in equilibrium and solutes not carried away from IF by blood in vasa recta

Question 41

IF in Medulla has very high solute concentration compared to Cortex requires what mechanism

Answer 41

medullary concentration gradient

Question 42

in medullary concentration gradient there is a high solute concentration due to action of what

Answer 42

2 countercurrent mechanisms and recycling of protein breakdown

Question 43

in renal tubule what happens during medullary concentration gradient

Answer 43

Na ions and solutes are actively transported into IF of medulla

Question 44

what mechanism: Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosterone Hormone: Will review Renin + Angiotensinogen  Angiotensin I + ACE  Angiotensin II  Vasoconstriction & Aldosterone secretion from Adrenal Cortex

Answer 44

hormonal

Question 45

Hypothalamus makes  Post Pit. When Osmolality (Solute Concentration) of blood & IF increases = Stimulation & ADH released = Water conservation.

Answer 45

adh

Question 46

Secreted by Right Atrial Cells (Heart) when stretched more than normal. Occurs when increased stretch of Right Atrium, when BV high. Decreases BV , Also inhibits ADH secretion & Increases Urine volume, Lowering BV & BP. Dilates arteries to decrease Peripheral Resistance & Lower BP.

Answer 46

anf