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Human Structure and Function II > lymphatic system > Flashcards

lymphatic system Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the lymphatic system do?

A

it is ductwork that returns fluids that leaked from vascular system back into the blood

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2
Q

Is the lymphatic a one way or two way system?

A

one way

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3
Q

how many parts does the lymphathic system have

A

3

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4
Q

what are the three parts of the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic vessels (network)
lymph (fluid)
lymph nodes (filter)

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5
Q

lymphoid organs and tissues have a role in what?

A

the immune system

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6
Q

what does the lymphoid organs and tissues do within the immune. system

A

defense and resist disease

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7
Q

everyday about how much blood is dropped off into the capillary bed?

A

about 3 L

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8
Q

what works at capillary beds and forces fluid out of blood at the arterial ends and causes the bulk to be absorbed at venous ends

A

hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures

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9
Q

hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure works at capillary beds and forces fluid out of the blood where?

A

arterial ends of beds (upstream)

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10
Q

hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure works at capillary beds and forces fluid out of the blood and causes what?

A

bulk to be reabsorbed at venous ends

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11
Q

what happens to fluid that is not reabsorbed ?

A

it remains in the tissue spaces and become interstitial fluid

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12
Q

lymph needs to be returned to the CV system to maintain what?

A

proper fluid levels/ blood volume

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13
Q

lymphatic vessels collect xs protein containing what?

A

IF

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14
Q

the lymphatic vessels collect xs protein containing IF and return it to the ?

A

bloodstream

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15
Q

once IF goes to lymphatic vessels it is then called what?

A

lymph

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16
Q

blood-> ______->_______

A

tissue (Called IF)-> lymphatic vessels (lymph)

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17
Q

where are lymph capillaries?

A

between tissues cells and blood capillaries in loose ct

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18
Q

are lymph capillaries widespread?

A

yes

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19
Q

where are lymph capillaries not located?

A

not in bone, teeth, bone marrow areas

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20
Q

endothelial cells in lymph capillaries are not tight but slightly ______ and form ______

A

overlap and form minivalves

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21
Q

flaps open when pressure where is greater?

A

in interstitial space

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22
Q

once the flaps open pressure in the interstitial space is greater and fluid flows into what?

A

lymph capillaries

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23
Q

is pressure is greater in vessels what happens?

A

flaps remain together to prevent backflow

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24
Q

proteins in the interstitial space that are unable to re-enter the blood are instead collected by?

A

lymph capillaries

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25
when lymphatic vessels are inflamed what do the lymph capillaries do
take in larger particles
26
examples of larger particles the lymph capillaries take in when lymphatic vessels are inflamed (3)
cell debris pathogens cancer cells
27
lymphatic vessels travel to lymph nodes for what?
cleansing and evoking an immune response
28
what are specialized and have lacteals in small intestine
lymph capillaries
29
function of lymph capillaries
absorb fat from small intestine to the blood
30
what does lymph capillaries contain
milky white lymph
31
name for the milky white lymph
chyle
32
where is chyle being drained from?
fingerlike villi of mucosa
33
what has the same tunics as veins, but thinner walls, more internal valves, and more anastomoses
lymph collecting vessels
34
what is the largest lymphatic vessel that drain large areas of the body
lymphatic trunks
35
what are paired lymphatic trunks (4)
lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian jugular
36
what is a single lymphatic trunk (1)`
interstinal trunk
37
what do the 2 right lymphatic ducts drain?
right upper limb right head thorax
38
what does the thoracic lymphatic duct drain
everything else
39
what does the thoracic duct begin as?
cisterna chyli (abdomen)
40
what is the term for the junction of internal jugular and subclavian vein
terminal duct
41
lymph transport has no pump and what
low pressure
42
lymph transport is regulated by ?
respiratory pump
43
pressure in the respiratory changes as you do what?
breathe
44
when you inspire what does ur respiratory pump do?
thoracic cavity pressure drops, vessels expand
45
when you expire what does ur respiratory pump do?
the thoracic cavity pressure rises, vessels compress and lymph flows
46
what does the muscular pump do?
lymph movement
47
what do valves do
prevent backflow
48
lymph transport occurs in what manner
sporadic and slow
49
increased activity in lymph transport means
lymph flow increases
50
what hinders the flow of lymph transport
tumor
51
how do you treat a tumor in lymph transport
lymphatic removal
52
what happens if you dont treat a tumor
lymphedema
53
after surgery for a lymphatic removal what happens
other vessels grow but can lead to making a barrier
54
how do you treat lymphedema
compression sleeve or stocking massage
55
lymphoid cells and tissue consist of what
lymphocytes and macrophages
56
what cells do lymphocytes have
B and T
57
where are B and T cells made
red bone marrow
58
B cells-> _______-> ______=_________
plasma cells Ab's (Ig's) destroy Ag's
59
what do T cells do
directly or indirectly attack
60
what do macrophages do
phagocytosis and T cell activation
61
lmyphoid tissue is a site for what?
activation
62
lymphoid cells/ tissue act as what kind of point
surveillance vantage point
63
what is reticular CT?
all lymph organs except the thymus
64
what is diffuse lymph tissue
all body organs (reticular fibers)
65
example of diffuse lymph tissue
lamina propria of mucous membrane
66
what has no capsule, germinal center (B cells) (peyer's patch, appendix)
lymph follicles
67
what are the two categories of lymphoid organs
primary and secondary
68
what happens in primary lymphoid organs
B&T cells mature
69
where do B cells mature
red bone marrow
70
where do t cells mature
thymus
71
what is immunocompetent?
where B&T cells mature
72
what happens in secondary lymphoid organs?
mature lymphocytes first encounter the Ag's and become activated
73
what is included in secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen and MALT, also diffuse lymph tissues
74
what is MALT
muvosa-associated lymph tissues
75
example of MALT
tonsils, peyer's patch of small intestine, appendix
76
only lymph nodes have the capacity to filter what?
lymph
77
organs are encapsulated, but what is not encapsulated?
tissues
78
where are lymph nodes found
along the lymphatic vessels in CT
79
there are large number of lymph nodes in areas of the lymph vessels that enter large trunk areas which include (3)
cervical axillary inguinal
80
how do lymph nodes filter
macrophages remove and breakdown Ag's so it does not spread
81
what do lymph nodes activate?
the immune system
82
what is the structure of the lymph node? (5)
bean shape capsule trabeculae cortex medulla
83
what does the cortex of the lymph node contain?
follicles with germinal centers- B cells
84
what does the medulla of the lymph node contain?
cords and sinuses- B and T cells
85
what kind of vessels does the lymph node have
afferent and efferent
86
when the affernet vessle brings more lymph what happens
it slows down to better cleanse
87
overwhelmed lymph nodes with large number of bacteria causes
lymphadenopathy
88
if there is cancer in the lymph nodes what happens
there is swelling
89
is there pain in the lymph nodes when you have cancer
no
90
cancer cells become trapped and they enlarge meaning what can happen
they can travel to a secondary cancer site
91
what is the largest lymph organ?
the spleen
92
what is the location of the spleen?
lateral to stomach under diaphragm on left side
93
what is the structure of the spleen?
fibrous capsule trabeculae lymphocytes macrophages RBCs
94
what are the roles of the spleen? (6)
1. lymphocytes proliferate here, surveillance= white pulp 2. also cleanse blood, remove debris and microorganisms 3. storage site for RBC components= red pulp 4. site for RBC production 5. storage site for platelets 6. blood reservoir
95
what is the risk of a ruptured spleen?
severe bleeding, shock and die
96
can the spleen repair itself
yes
97
how does the spleen repair itself?
there is mesh to hold together, crack repair via suture and blood clotting agents
98
if the self repair does not work what happens?
you need surgery
99
what is spleen surgery called?
splenectomy
100
when there is injury to the spleen what helps compensate it?
lymph organs and liver
101
what is the structure of the thymus
bilobed gland
102
where is the location of the thymus
superior mediastinum dividing thoracic cavity- sagittal
103
is the thymus prominent in newborn or adults
newborn
104
the thymus increases in size the first year and then after puberty what happens?
it atrophies and in eldery it becomes fat
105
what are the roles of the thymus
in early life, t lymphocytes become immunocompentent, mature t cells
106
what does the thymus produce
thymosin, thymopoietin
107
what does thymosin and thymopoietin do
help t cells mature
108
where is the location of MALT
mucous membranes throughout the body
109
what is MALT always prepared for
to battle with pathogens trying to gain entry in our bodies
110
what are tonsils?
simple organs, ring of lymphoid tissue, with stratified squamous epithelium along crypts
111
palatine tonsils are small or large
large
112
pharyngeal tonsils are?
adenoids
113
tubal tonsils are
auditory
114
do tonsils increase of decrease w age
decrease
115
where is the peyer's patch located
in ileum of small intestine, no capsule, absorbs fat after meal
116
the appendix is an offshot of
cecum at the start of the large intestine
117
does the appendix have a capsule
no

Human Structure and Function II (38 decks)

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