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Human Structure and Function II > fluid balance chapter 27 > Flashcards

fluid balance chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is total body water=

A

function of age, body mass, sex and amount of body fat

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2
Q

does total body water increase or decrease throughout lifetime

A

decrease about 45% in elderly

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3
Q

infants total body water is about ?

A

75%
low body fat
low bone mass

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4
Q

males total body water is about?

A

60%
more skeletal muscle and less fat

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5
Q

females total body water is about

A

50%, lower due to higher body fat and smaller skeletal muscle

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6
Q

what is the least hydrated tissue, with a low water content

A

adipose

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7
Q

what compartment contains
2/3 Volume = 28 L of 40 L TOTAL
ALL Fluid inside Body Cells – Cytoplasm = 70% Body’s H2O
40% of Body total Weight

A

intracellular

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8
Q

what does the extracellular fluid contain

A

1/3 volume -12 L of 40 L total
30% body’s H2O
20% od bosy total weight

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9
Q

plasma, IF, other ECF are in IFC or ECF

A

ECF

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10
Q

what is blood fluid and links internal and external environments

A

plasma

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11
Q

what is in between cells

A

IF

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12
Q

what contains lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, serious fluid and GI secretions

A

ECF

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13
Q

term for amount of force applied to solution that prevents solvent from moving across semipermeable membrane

A

osmotic pressure

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14
Q

term for pressure any fluid in a confined space exerts, due to force of gravity

A

hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

what is the movement of solvent from lower concentration of solute to more concentrated

A

osmosis

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16
Q

what does the total osmotic pressure in each compartment allow

A

continuous exchange of H2O and electrolytes between compartments

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17
Q

exchange between plasma and IF=

A

capillary walls

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18
Q

hydrostatic pressure of blood forces plasma out of blood into what?

A

interstitial space

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19
Q

during hydrostatic pressure it will be reabsorbed into bloodstream in response to what

A

colloid osmotic pressure of plasma proteins

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20
Q

what picks up IF and returns it into blood

A

lymph capillaries

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21
Q

exchange between IF and ICF=

A

plasma membranes

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22
Q

what is the exchange between IF and ICF dependent on

A

permeability

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23
Q

what has a 2 way osmotic flow of water

A

exchange between IF and ICF

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24
Q

ions move via what

A

active transport or via channels

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25
what moves in one direction
nutrients, resp gases, waste move in 1 direction
26
water balance is what
water intake= water output
27
why is water balance so important
to maintain hydration
28
alteration in total water volume has an effect on
body fluid solute concentration, BP, IF pressure
29
how much water do we intake
2500 ml/day 60% fluids 30% foods 10% cell metabolism
30
what is insensible and sensible water loss classified as
output
31
example of insensible output of water
expired air vapor skin 28% lung
32
example of sensible water loss
measurable via urine perspiration feces
33
what is our thirst mechanism
hypothalamus thirst center
34
what receptors does the hypothalamus thirst center have
osmoreceptors
35
what do osmoreceptors detect
ECF osmolality via PM stretch changes from gain/ loss of water
36
what activated the hypothalamus thirst center
change of 1-2%
37
what does dry mouth signal
blood osmotic pressure increases-> less saliva
38
decreased BV/ BP does what
triggers thirst by baroreceptors detecting changes in volume or pressure
39
when does the thirst mechanism become problematic
during athletic activity elderly/ confused renal/ CV patients with fluid overload still thirsty
40
what is from insensible and sensible water loss need to flush metabolism end products out of body
obligatory water losses
41
what do the kidneys excrete 30 minutes after ingestion
H2O
42
there is a delay of fluid otput due to
time needed to inhibit ADH release
43
when does diuresis peak
1 hour after drinking
44
when does diuresis decrease the lowest at
3 hours
45
low ADH=
adequate diluted urine
46
high ADH=
small amount of concentrated using produced
47
what other hormones are used in fluid regulation
angiotensin, aldosterone, ANF
48
what are water balance disorders
dehydration, edema, hypotonic hydration
49
profuse sweating for xs time, xs EtOH consumption results in
loss
50
loss exceeds intake over time, creates - fluid balance
dehydration
51
when does dehydration occur
after hemorrage, severe burns, xs diarrhea, vomiting, profuse sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse, DI and DM
52
what are early signs of dehydration
cottony oral mucosa, thirsty, dry flushed ski and decreased urinary output
53
what are later signs of dehydratioin
weight loss, fever, mental confusion hypovolemic shock
54
what is edema
swelling- atypical accumulation of fluid in interstitial space-> tissue swelling
55
what is water intoxication
hypotonic hydration
56
what is hypotonic hydration
overconsumption of water and electrolytes that become xs diluted
57
when does hypotonic hydration occur
after overexertion in hot conditions
58
who does hypotonic hydration occur the most in
marathon runners
59
plain water->
Na+ plasma to drop
60
in hypotonic hydration you experience sudden and severe what
hyponatremia
61
if you become unconscious what happens
IVF and hypertonic
62
you need fluid replacement if what happens
xs vomit and diarrhea
63
water goes into cells and swells which causes what
increased intracranial pressure
64
symptoms of hypotonic hydration
severe H/A, confused, nausea, muscle cramps, seziure, coma-> death
65
how to prevent hypotonic hydration
fluids with electrolytes
66
treatment for hypotonic hydration
adminster IV hypertonic saline- reverse osmotic gradient/ pul H2O out of cells

Human Structure and Function II (38 decks)

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