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AP Psych > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Do not directly guide our behavior

A

genes

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2
Q

Every human shares about __ % of the same DNA, but __ % difference makes you, you

A

99.9%.1%

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3
Q

In extraversion (outgoingness) & neuroticism (emotional instability), __ twins are much more similar than __ twins

A

identicalfraternal

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4
Q

Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were identical twins who were separated at birth & adopted by different families. Virtually alike with __, __, __, __, & __

A

personality, intelligence, heart rate, brain waves, and voices

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5
Q

People grown up together (biologically or not) don’t much resemble one another in __

A

personality

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6
Q

Adoptees’ traits bear more similarities to their __ parents than their __ parents

A

biologicaladoptive

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7
Q

__ factors shared by a family’s children have virtually no impact on personality

A

Environmental

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8
Q

__ do influence children’s attitudes, values, manners, faith, and politics

A

Parents

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9
Q

Biologically rooted __ helps form our enduring personality

A

temperament

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10
Q

__ refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributable to genes

A

Heritability

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11
Q

The more __ environments are, heredity as a source of differences becomes important

A

similar

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12
Q

Heritable __ differences need not imply heritable __ differences

A

individualgroup

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13
Q

__ respond to environments and are self-regulating

A

Genes

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14
Q

human differences are nearly always the result of both __ and __ influences

A

geneticenvironmental

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15
Q

Goal of __ __: find some of the many genes that influence normal human traits. Seek link b/w certain genes or chromosome segments and specific disorders

A

molecular genetics

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16
Q

When certain traits are selected (by reproductive advantage), those traits will __ over time

A

prevail

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17
Q

Our adaptive flexibility to environments contribute to our __: ability to survive & reproduce

A

fitness

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18
Q

we are __ prepared for a world that no longer exists

A

biologically

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19
Q

__ are more likely than females to initiate sexual activity

A

Males

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20
Q

Casual, impulsive sex is most frequent among __ with traditional __ attitudes

A

malesmasculine

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21
Q

__ have lower threshold for perceiving warm responses as a sexual come-on. __ more often than __ attribute a __ friendliness to sexual interest

A

MenMenwomenwoman’s

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22
Q

Woman normally incubate & nurse __ __ , while males spread genes to other __

A

one infantfemales

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23
Q

Men believe __ looking women are more attractive

24
Q

Women are attracted to __, __, __, & __ males

Study These Flashcards
A

mature, dominant, bold, and affluent

25
__ are greater risk takers; have genetic tradeoff b/w distributing one’s genes or co-parenting
men
26
__ __ reassure that the sexes are more alike than different & humans have a great capacity for learning and social progress
Evolutionary psychologists
27
Problem with evolutionary perspective
starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation
28
__ helps develop our brain’s neural connections
Experience
29
Rosenzweig and Krech: studied rats in impoverished and enriched environments, and looked at brain cortex size __ with better environment
increase
30
Stimulation of touch or massage __ infants (gain __ & develop __ rapidly)
benefitsweightneurologically
31
Child’s enriched environment activates and preserves __. As a child, excess __ are still on call and it's easier to learn new things
connectionsconnections
32
Power of family environment is __ in children’s attitudes, beliefs, manners, & success
evident
33
Shared environment among children account for less than __% of differences in personality
10%
34
__ to group influences to establish ourselves and be accepted in different groups
Subject
35
If everyone lived in homogeneous ethnic groups, cultural diversity would be less __
relevant
36
Cultures vary in __, __ & __
expressiveness, pace of life, and punctuality
37
Cannot explain __ changes by changes in human gene pool which evolves far too slowly to account for high-speed __ transformations
culturalcultural
38
Concept: SelfIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: independentCollectivism: interdependent
39
Concept: Life taskIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: express one's uniquenessCollectivism: keep connections, perform role
40
Concept: What mattersIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: me- personal achievement, self-esteemCollectivism: us- group goals, solidarity, family duty
41
Concept: Coping methodIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: change realityCollectivism: accommodate to reality
42
Concept: MoralityIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: defined by individualsCollectivism: defined by social networks
43
Concept: RelationshipsIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: many, temporary or casual, confrontation acceptableCollectivism: few, close and enduring, harmony valued
44
Concept: Attributing BehaviorIndividualism:Collectivism:
Individualism: reflects one's personality and attitudesCollectivism: reflects social norms and roles
45
__ __: parents want children to think for themselves__ __: focus on cultivating emotional closeness, strong sense of family self- shames child shames family, honor to family, honor to self
Western societyAsia / Africa
46
__ behave more aggressive. Aggression gender gap pertains to __ rather than __ aggression
menphysicalverbal
47
more dominant, forceful, independent, leaders, directive, autocratic, opinionistic, powerful, receive higher pay, hold most gov’t positions
men
48
deferential, nurturant, affiliative, democratic, decision makers, supporters
women
49
__ differ from __ b/c they’re less concerned with being separate individuals and in being more concerned with making connections
Femalesmales
50
__: play in large groups, emphasize freedom, self-reliance; __: play in small groups, less competitive, more open & responsive to feedback, more caring, open to spirituality, strong bonds, talk more often & openly, turn to others in stress
BoysGirls
51
Women use conversation to __ __ , men use it to __ __
explore relationshipscommunicate solutions
52
Children organize themselves into __ and __ __
boygirl worlds
53
We’re the product of __ & __, also an open system
nature and nurture
54
environment acts on the surface of genes to alter their activity
epigenetics
55
testes develop at __ weeks and produce a flood of testosterone
7
56
guide development of external sex organs
hormones
57
during the __ and __ month of pregnancy, sex hormones bathe fetal brain
4 and 5

AP Psych (24 decks)

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