Diseases of The Respiratory System Flashcards
(354 cards)
what forms the upper respiratory tract?
from the nose to the thoracic inlet (includes nasal cavity, oral cavity and cervical portion of trachea)
what makes up the lower respiratory tract?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
define medical condition
abnormality/malfunction of a body system
what can give an idea of potential causes/differential diagnoses of medical conditions?
a through history and clinical exam
what is used to confirm a diagnosis?
diagnostic and labs tests
what can be formulated after a diagnosis is reached?
treatment plan
what is happening during acute respiratory failure?
lungs are unable to oxygenate blood or exchange carbon dioxide
is acute respiratory failure an emergency?
yes - patient will die without intervention
what are some common causes of respiratory failure?
airway obstruction (e.g. BOAS) ruptured diaphragm pulmonary oedema/haemorrhage pneumo/pyo/haemo/chylothorax neoplasia infection toxin ingestion
what is chylothorax?
chest filled with lymphocyte rich fluid
what are the signs of respiratory failure?
cyanosis distress inspiratory dyspnoea expiratory dyspnoea dyspnoea tachypnoea orthopnoea tachycardia weak pulses collapse unconciousness
what type of dyspnoea is associated with upper respiratory tract noises?
inspiratory
what sounds are associated with inspiratory dyspnoea?
snoring
stertor
stridor
what is stridor?
high pitched sound from the larynx
what sounds are associated with expiratory dyspnoea?
wheezes
crackles on auscultation
what is orthopnoea?
position adopted by dogs and cats when they are dyspnoeic
abduction of elbows and extension of neck
how may oxygen be administered to the conscious patient?
flow by nasal catheter nasal prongs face mask oxygen tent oxygen cage or incubator
what may be needed if oxygen is being provided to the conscious patient?
sedation (butorphanol)
how does a nasal catheter provide oxygen?
inserted into the nasal passages and connected to an oxygen supply
what can an oxygen tent be formed from?
cage covered in cling film or buster collar with cling film covering
what must be ensured if creating an oxygen tent?
that there is an escape route for expired gas/heat
how may oxygen be administered to the unconscious patient?
endotracheal intubation
what is ensured by ET tube use?
patent airway
how can you ensure that your patient has a patent airway?
ET tube
head and neck extension
tracheostomy