Hip and Stifle Disease Flashcards
(172 cards)
what type of disease is hip displasia?
developmental
how does hip displasia develop?
dogs are born with normal hips and laxity develops in joint capsule which allows hip to subluxate
what is the aetiology of hip displasia?
genetic (breed predisposition)
size
diet
exercise
how can diet and exercise contribute to hip displasia?
excessive / fast growth or exercise
makes presentation of hip dysplasia more likely
what species does hip dysplasia mainly affect?
mainly large and giant dog breeds
can affect small breeds and cats though
when may hip dysplasia signs present?
biphasic - present at 2 different stages of life
what are the biphasic clinical signs of hip dysplasia?
6-7 months present with laxity
adult dogs present with osteoarthritis
what are the clinical signs of hip dysplasia on gait analysis?
short stride lameness stiffness clunking of hips lateral sway of spine bunny hopping of both back legs adducted hindlimbs at walking and standing
what are the clinical signs of hip dysplasia on orthopedic examination?
pain on hip extension
clunking of hip
hindlimb muscle atrophy
crepitus on manupulation
what muscle in the hindlimbs atrophies most with hip dysplasia?
gluteals
what is used to confirm the diagnosis of hip dysplasia following suspicion from exam?
imaging
what is the common x-ray view for diagnosis of hip dysplasia?
ventrodorsal extended x-rays
what are you looking for on hip x-rays when diagnosing hip dysplasia?
hip subluxation
acetabular remodelling
osteophytes
when looking at hip dysplasia x rays what are you looking for to show some subluxation?
acetabulum should sit half way within the dorsal acetabular rim - if it is less than this there is laxity
what views should be taken to confirm hip dysplasia?
orthogonal
what is the Ortolani test used for?
testing hip laxity
how is the dog positioned for the ortolani test?
dorsal or lateral recumbacy
when will you get a negative result on the Ortolani test?
if hip is normal or dislocated
how is the ortolani test performed?
pressure applied to knee
hip is subluxated then abducted until reduced to give the angle of subluxation
what are the main treatment options for hip dysplasia?
non-surgical
surgical
what are the non-surgical management methods of hip dysplasia?
management as for OA
when will non-surgical hip dysplasia management be used?
milder cases
financial issues
what are the surgical methods of hip dysplasia management?
growth plate function
osteotomies
total hip replacement
femoral neck and head excision
what is a growth plate fusion also known as?
juvenile pubic symphysiodesis