CPCR

Question 1

what percentage of dogs and cats do not survive CPA?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

what percentage of cats and dogs will survive CPA under anaesthesia?

Answer 2

47%

Question 3

what does RECOVER stand for?

Answer 3

Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Rescusitation

Question 4

what are the 2 key goals of the RECOVER guidelines?

Answer 4

develop evidence based guidelines for dogs and cats experiencing CPA
identify knowledge gaps or areas of CPA management that require further investigation

Question 5

what are the 5 domains of the RECOVER guidelines?

Answer 5

preparedness and prevention
basic life support
advanced life support
monitoring
post cardiac arrest

Question 6

what is involved in basic life support (BLS)?

Answer 6

recognition of CPA
chest compressions
ventilation
airway patancy

Question 7

what is involved in advanced life support (ALS)?

Answer 7

vasopressor therapy
vagolytic therapy
electrocardioversion
correction of condition that lead to arrest

Question 8

what is involved in the monitoring domain of the RECOVER guidelines?

Answer 8

diagnosis of CPA and conformation of ET tube presence

general monitoring of patient during CPR

Question 9

what is involved in post cardiac arrest (PCA) care?

Answer 9

IVFT
O2 therapy
referral

Question 10

how can you be prepared for CPA/CPR?

Answer 10

have equipment ready and know where it is (ask when arriving on placement)
have range of emergency drugs ready to use - and know what they do!
ensure staff are trained on what to do and protocols in place

Question 11

how can CPA be identified in animals?

Answer 11

patient is unresponsive, apnoeic with no palpable pulses

Question 12

when should CPCR be initiated in the anaesthetised animal?

Answer 12

if pulses/apex beat are lost

apnoea

Question 13

what is a basic rule for beginning CPCR?

Answer 13

if CPA cannot be ruled out start CPCR

Question 14

define CPCR

Answer 14

cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation

Question 15

when CPA is suspected what should happen straight away?

Answer 15

compressions commence straight away with intubation and ventilation performed simultneously

Question 16

what is the correct ventilation rate for patients?

Answer 16

10 breaths per min (one every 6 seconds)

Question 17

how many compressions should be preformed every minute?

Answer 17

100 compressions (stayin’ alive) with time for chest to recoil between

Question 18

how long should each cardiac compression cycle last?

Answer 18

2 mins and then compressor should swap

Question 19

describe the correct cardiac compression technique

Answer 19

aim to compress the chest by one third to half of its width in lateral recumbancy

Question 20

what position should animals be in during CPCR?

Answer 20

lateral recumbancy

Question 21

what are the key roles of a tam involved in CPR?

Answer 21

lead
2 x cardiac compressions
ventilation
writer/notes
runner

Question 22

what can be used to identify correct placement of hands during CPR?

Answer 22

point of elbow when elbow extended against chest

Question 23

where should the animal be positioned relative to you for compressions?

Answer 23

their back to your front

Question 24

what compression technique should be used for large dogs?

Answer 24

both hands on top of each other

Question 25

what compression technique should be used for small dogs and cats?

Answer 25

thumb and forefinger over thorax

Question 26

where should the animal be placed to perform compressions?

Answer 26

non-slip surface

Question 27

what position should you be in to give cardiac compressions?

Answer 27

using a step to raise yourself above patient and enable you to extend elbows to allow compressions to be generated through the whole body

Question 28

why is ventilation of patients in CPA vital?

Answer 28

hypoxia and hypercapnia can reduce likelihood of return to normal rhythm
ventilation is vital in CPA that is not of cardiac origin (common in animals)

Question 29

what can be used to ventilate patients?

Answer 29

breathing system with oxygen or anbu-bag

Question 30

what monitoring aid can be used to help assess ventilation effectiveness?

Answer 30

capnography

Question 31

what can be used to gain airway access for CPCR?

Answer 31

ET tube

tight fitted mask

Question 32

what needs to be provided to the patient alongside compressions and ventilation during CPA?

Answer 32

drug therapy
monitoring
fluid therapy
occular care
warmth provision
IV catheter placement

Question 33

via what route may drugs be given during CPCR?

Answer 33

IV

endotracheal - using urinary catherter

Question 34

if a patient goes into CPA during anaesthesia what additional step must be taken when arrest is identified?

Answer 34

turn off anaesthetic drugs

Question 35

what is vital during CPR?

Answer 35

clear and concise record keeping and clear communication

Question 36

what will be recorded during CPCR?

Answer 36

drugs, IV line placement, monitoring and timings

Question 37

why is a debrief after CPCR so essential?

Answer 37

things may or may not go well
highly emotional and stressful situation
staff may feel guilt and blame

Question 38

what can be discussed during a debrief?

Answer 38

what went well
what could’ve gone better
additional support needs