DNA

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

A cell structure that contains genetic information along strands of DNA

Question 2

DNA fingerprint

Answer 2

Pattern of DNA fragments obtained by examining a persons unique sequence of DNA base pairs

Question 3

Electrophoresis

Answer 3

A method of separating molecules

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein or RNA molecule

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

An alternate form of a gene

Question 6

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 6

A method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA

Question 7

Restriction enzyme

Answer 7

A molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence

Question 8

Short Tandem Repeat (STR)

Answer 8

Short number of tandem repeats (2-5 base pairs) of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats found among individuals

Question 9

Tandem

Answer 9

Next to each other

Question 10

VNTR

Answer 10

Variable number of tandem repeats (9-80 base pairs) of a short DNA sequence with varying numbers of repeats among individuals

Question 11

DNA extraction

Answer 11

Process of removing DNA from a cell

Question 12

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

Pair of chromosomes in which one chromosome was inherited from the male parent and the other was inherited by the female parent

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

Subunit of DNA and other nucleic acids

Question 14

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

There are 35 chromosomes in each human cell nucleus.

Answer 14

False 46 chromosomes

Question 15

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA determines the body characteristics of an organism

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA is extracted from red blood cells found in a blood sample.

Answer 17

False

There is no DNA in red blood cells

Question 18

The DNA inside of a persons skin cell is the same as the DNA inside of their white blood cells.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

Identical twins have different base sequences of DNA.

Answer 19

False

Identical twins are the only people who have exactly the same DNA sequence.

Question 20

Does A pair with T, C or G?

Answer 20

A pairs with T

Question 21

Does C pair with A,G or T

Answer 21

C pairs with G

Question 22

Does T pair with C, A or G?

Answer 22

T pairs with A

Question 23

Does G pair with A, C or T

Answer 23

G pairs with C

Question 24

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

In the DNA structure, adenine (A) will only link with cytosine (C) and guanine (G) will only link with thymine (T)

Answer 24

False
A pairs with T
C pairs with G

Question 25

True or false? Correct the statement if it's false The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or false? Correct the statement if it's false DNA's structure is 3 strands of the molecule twisted together.

Answer 26

False | 2 strands. Known as double helix

Question 27

True or false? Correct the statement if it's false DNA evidence is class evidence.

Answer 27

False | Individual evidence

Question 28

True or false? Correct the statement if it's false PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction, and is the technique for making many copies of DNA in the lab.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or false? Correct the statement if it's false The Innocence project is an organization which tests DNA evidence from old cases and exonerates the wrongfully convicted.

Answer 29

True it exonerated 306 people

Question 30

What are the three steps for creating a DNA fingerprint? (In order)

Answer 30

1. DNA extraction from cells 2. PCR to make more copies of the DNA. 3. Gel electrophoresis to separate the DNA in bands to create the DNA fingerprint.

Question 31

What type of cells are usually taken from a suspect when a DNA sample is collected?

Answer 31

Cheek cells

Question 32

Describe how DNA moves through the gel electrophoresis and how that information is used to analyze the DNA fingerprint?

Answer 32

1. The DNA moves from the negative end towards the positive end. 2. Small pieces move quicker than larger pieces.

Question 33

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 33

Phosphate, sugar and a nitrogen base

Question 34

What is 1 difference between analyzing a gel for a match between 2 DNA samples and analyzing gel for a paternity test?

Answer 34

For the 2 DNA samples you look for two lanes of DNA fingerprint ending which have banding patterns that match exactly EVERY band - for paternity test (father) you look for one band at each STR region matching exactly with one of the fathers band from each STR region

Question 35

At one STR region a person has 5 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 11 STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

Answer 35

5,11

Question 36

At one STR region a person has 4 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 8 STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

Answer 36

4,8

Question 37

At one STR region a person has 3 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 7STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

Answer 37

3,7

Question 38

How many STR regions does the FBI test?

Answer 38

13

Question 39

Why doesn't the FBI test for more STRs?

Answer 39

If they test for less there's a chance someone will have the same DNA which leads to a wrongful conviction.

Question 40

Heterozygous

Answer 40

2 DIFFERENT numbers

Question 41

Homozygous

Answer 41

SAME number twice