Hematopoiesis

Question 1

What is Hematopoiesis?

Answer 1

Process of how blood cells are formed

Question 2

What do all formed blood cells begin from?

Answer 2

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

Question 3

Where does Hematopoiesis occur prenatally?

Answer 3

Yolk sac
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow

Question 4

Where does Hematopoiesis occur postnatally?

Answer 4

Vertebrae
Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Femurs

Question 5

After puberty, hematopoiesis moves from skeleton to?

Answer 5

Axillary location

Question 6

What are the 2 compartments of bone marrow?

Answer 6

1. Hematopoietic cell compartment

2. Marrow stromal compartment

Question 7

What is contained in the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow?

Answer 7

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 8

What is contained in the marrow stromal compartment of bone marrow?

Answer 8

Adipocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Stromal cells

Question 9

What compartment of the bone marrow produces the hematopoietic growth factors?

Answer 9

Marrow stromal compartment

Question 10

As age INCREASES, what changes occur in the bone marrow?

Answer 10

Fat - INCREASES

Red marrow and trabecular bone - DECREASE

Question 11

If fat is increasing and trabecular bone and red marrow are decreasing, someones age is?

Answer 11

Increasing

Question 12

How do you calculate the % cellularity in the bone marrow?

Answer 12

100 - age

- - range of +/- 10%

Question 13

What growth factor stimulates the hematopoietic stem cell to begin hematopoiesis?

Answer 13

Stem cell factor

Question 14

Action of stem cell factor?

Answer 14

Begins hematopoiesis (weakly)
- Increases cells responsiveness to cytokines

Question 15

A hematopoietic stem cell can become what 2 things?

Answer 15

Myeloid stem cell

Lymphoid stem cell

Question 16

A lymphoid stem cell can become?

Answer 16

T or B cell

Question 17

What growth factor causes a lymphoid stem cell to become a T cell?

Answer 17

IL - 2

Question 18

What growth factors cause a lymphoid stem cell to become a B cell?

Answer 18

IL - 2 and IL - 6

Question 19

What growth factor helps a hematopoietic stem cell turn into a myeloid stem cell?

Answer 19

IL - 3

Question 20

List some options a myeloid stem cell has for what it can become?

Answer 20

RBC (erythrocyte)
Platelet
Neutrophil
Macrophage
Eosinophil
Basophil
Mast cell

Question 21

What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for RBCs, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils?

Answer 21

GM - CSF

Question 22

What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for platelets and neutrophils?

Answer 22

IL - 6

Question 23

What growth factor helps create RBCs?

Answer 23

EPO - erythropoietin

Question 24

Where is erythropoietin made and what can it treat?

Answer 24

Made in the kidney

Can treat Anemia

Question 25

What growth factor helps create platelets?

Answer 25

TPO - thrombopoietin

Question 26

Where is thrombopoietin made?

Answer 26

Made in the liver

Question 27

What growth factor helps create Neutrophils?

Answer 27

G - CSF

Question 28

What growth factor helps create Monocytes/Macrophages?

Answer 28

M - CSF

Question 29

IL - 6 is a key factor in the _____ reaction

Answer 29

Leukemoid

Question 30

What growth factor is a treatment for Neutropenia or after a bone marrow transplant?

Answer 30

G - CSF

Question 31

What growth factor is helps mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow donors?

Answer 31

G - CSF

Question 32

TPO helps create what 2 things?

Answer 32

Megakaryocytes -> Platelets

Question 33

What are 3 compartments used for macrophage creation?

Answer 33

Bone marrow Blood Tissues

Question 34

In the bone marrow, a hematopoietic stem cell becomes ____ to eventually create a monocyte in the blood

Answer 34

Monoblast

Question 35

In the blood, a monocyte must exit _____ to become a macrophage

Answer 35

Exit intravascular space

Question 36

In the blood, a macrophage is?

Answer 36

A monocyte

Question 37

Once a monocyte exits the intravascular space to reach the tissue it is?

Answer 37

A macrophage

Question 38

Macrophage in the cns

Answer 38

Microglia

Question 39

Macrophage in the liver

Answer 39

Kupffer cell

Question 40

Macrophage in the bone

Answer 40

Osteoclast

Question 41

Macrophage in the lung

Answer 41

Alveolar macrophage

Question 42

What are 3 components of blood and what is in them?

Answer 42

Plasma - water, proteins, electrolytes Buffy coat - WBCs and platelets RBCs

Question 43

What is serum?

Answer 43

Liquid portion of clotted blood MINUS fibrinogen and clotting factors

Question 44

Liquid blood + clotting factors and fibrinogen

Answer 44

Plasma

Question 45

Liquid blood - clotting factors and fibrinogen

Answer 45

Serum