Superficial and Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

Question 1

What type of microorganisms are fungi?

Answer 1

Spore forming eukaryotes

Question 2

Fungal Hyphae

Answer 2

Filamentous Multicellular structure

Question 3

If Fungal Hyphae group together, that forms?

Answer 3

Mold

Question 4

Yeast

Answer 4

Unicellular budding form

Question 5

If Yeasts group together, that forms?

Answer 5

Pseudohyphae

Question 6

Spores

Answer 6

Reproductive single cell produced by Hyphae

Question 7

What forms can fungi take?

Answer 7

Hyphae or Yeast

Question 8

Fungi are thermally dimorphic. What does that mean?

Answer 8

Their shape depends on the temperature

Question 9

At what temperature will fungi be hyphae?

Answer 9

Colder - 25 degrees celsius and 77 degrees F

Question 10

At what temperature will fungi be yeast?

Answer 10

Warmer - 37 degrees celsius and 98.6 degrees F

Question 11

Unicellular budding form of fungi

Answer 11

Yeast

Question 12

Filamentous multicellular structure of fungi

Answer 12

Hyphae

Question 13

What are the 3 main groups of Superficial Fungal Infections?

Answer 13

Pityriasis Versicolor
Tinea Nigra
Dermatophytes

Question 14

What causes Pityriasis Versicolor?

Answer 14

Malassezia species

Question 15

Malassezia species that causes Pityriasis Versicolor has what appearance?

Answer 15

Spaghetti and meatballs

- Hyphae and spores

Question 16

What symptoms are seen with a Pityriasis Versicolor infection?

Answer 16

Hypopigmented or Hyperpigmented skin macules

Question 17

What causes Tinea Nigra?

Answer 17

Hortaea Werneckii

Question 18

Hortaea Werneckii causes?

Answer 18

Tinea Nigra

Question 19

Symptoms of Tinea Nigra?

Answer 19

Dark brown/black spots on the PALM

Question 20

Dark brown/black spots on the PALM

Answer 20

Tinea Nigra

Question 21

How do you diagnose the superficial fungal infections?

Answer 21

Skin scrape with KOH examination

Question 22

What do Dermatophytes secrete and why?

Answer 22

Keratinase to invade the skin

Question 23

What overall appearances are seen with Dermatophyte infections?

Answer 23

Itchy, circular, red ring scaly rashes

Question 24

Circular, red ring, scaly rashes are likely due to?

Answer 24

Dermatophytes

Question 25

What are the Dermatophytes?

Answer 25

``` Tinea Corporis Tinea Cruris Tinea Pedis Tinea Capitis Tinea Unguium Tinea Barbae ```

Question 26

Tinea Corporis

Answer 26

Affects BODY | "ring worm"

Question 27

Tinea Cruris

Answer 27

Affects GROIN | "jock itch"

Question 28

Tinea Pedis

Answer 28

Affects TOES and FEET | "athletes foot"

Question 29

Tinea Capitis

Answer 29

Affects CHILDREN'S SCALP

Question 30

Tinea Unguium

Answer 30

Affects nails

Question 31

Tinea Barabae

Answer 31

Affects hair

Question 32

Dermatophytes will also ______ under UV light

Answer 32

Fluoresce green

Question 33

What are the Subcutaneous Fungal Infections?

Answer 33

Sporothrix Schenkii | Chromoblastomycosis

Question 34

What are the Subcutaneous Fungal Infections?

Answer 34

Sporothrix Schenkii | Chromoblastomycosis

Question 35

Sporothrix Schenkii is usually found where?

Answer 35

GARDENS - plants and soil

Question 36

How do you get an infection with Sporothrix Schenkii?

Answer 36

Traumatic implantation of fungus into hand or foot

Question 37

Transportation method and symptoms of Sporothrix Schenkii?

Answer 37

Transported proximally through the lymphatics | = Subcutaneous Ulcerative Nodule formation

Question 38

Thermally dimorphic subcutaneous fungus?

Answer 38

Sporothrix Schenkii

Question 39

Chromoblastomycosis is usually found where?

Answer 39

Tropical environments

Question 40

How do you get an infection with Chromoblastomycosis?

Answer 40

Traumatic implantation of fungus via splinters or thorns

Question 41

Transportation method and symptoms of Chromoblastomycosis?

Answer 41

Transported through the lymphatics | = Violet wart-like lesion --> Cauliflower wart

Question 42

How long does it take for Chromoblastomycosis to turn from a violet wart-like lesion to a cauliflower wart?

Answer 42

Months to years

Question 43

Cauliflower wart is seen with?

Answer 43

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 44

What protective form does Chromoblastomycosis have that causes it to be resistant to immune reactions?

Answer 44

Sclerotic bodies

Question 45

What do Sclerotic bodies do and what are they seen with?

Answer 45

- Seen with Chromoblastomycosis | = Protect fungus from immune reaction