Environmental Diseases (9)

Question 1

What estimates the burden imposed by environmental diseases?

Answer 1

Global Disease Burden

Question 2

What are the 3 most common causes of childhood death around the world?

Answer 2

Pneumonia
Malaria
Diarrhea

Question 3

The Global Disease Burden states that what few things are very common reasons of death?

Answer 3

HIV/AIDs
Undernutrition
Ischemic heart disease

Question 4

How does climate change impact human health?

Answer 4

NEGATIVELY by increasing incidence of diseases

Question 5

Distribution, effects and mechanisms of toxic agents

Answer 5

Toxicology

Question 6

Poison is strictly dependent on?

Answer 6

Dosage

Question 7

Xenobiotic

Answer 7

Exogenous chemicals that may be absorbed in the body

Question 8

How do most drugs and solvents enter the cell?

Answer 8

Lipophilic; Through the basement membrane

Question 9

What is in charge of detoxifying xenobiotics?

Answer 9

Cytochrome P450

Question 10

Occasionally, xenobiotics are converted to harmful compounds. What converts them?

Answer 10

Cytochrome P450

Question 11

4 outdoor air pollutants

Answer 11

Ozone
Sulfur Dioxide
Particulate matter
Carbon Monoxide

Question 12

Ozone is mediated by?

Answer 12

Free radicals

Question 13

Ozone causes decreased ____ function

Answer 13

Lung

Question 14

Ozone is more dangerous for those with what 2 lung conditions?

Answer 14

Emphysema

Asthma

Question 15

Where is sulfur dioxide produced?

Answer 15

Power plants burning fossil fuels

Question 16

What symptoms does sulfur dioxide cause?

Answer 16

Burning sensation of airways and difficulty breathing

Question 17

What is particulate matter (soot)?

Answer 17

Fine particles that get inhaled into the alveoli

less than 10 micrometers

Question 18

If particulate matter is inhaled into the alveoli, what will this cause?

Answer 18

Pulmonary inflammation and cardiovascular effects

Question 19

Colorless, tasteless, odorless due to incomplete oxidation of hydrocarons

Answer 19

Carbon monoxide

Question 20

How does carbon monoxide kill?

Answer 20

CNS depression and ischemia

Question 21

What areas of the brain does carbon monoxide induce CNS depression on?

Answer 21

Basal ganglia

Lenticular nuclei

Question 22

If a patient recovers after carbon monoxide poisoning, what will they likely have?

Answer 22

Memory, speech, vision issues

Question 23

Hb has a higher affinity for O2 or CO?

Answer 23

CO

Question 24

What physical exam finding will you find if a patient died from carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 24

Cherry RED skin and mucous membranes

Question 25

Most common indoor air pollutant?

Answer 25

Tobacco smoke

Question 26

List 5 indoor air pollutants

Answer 26

``` Wood smoke Bioaerosols Radon Formaldehyde Sick building syndrome ```

Question 27

Radon increases what type of cancer risk?

Answer 27

Lung

Question 28

Sick building syndrome occurs due to?

Answer 28

Poor ventilation

Question 29

Lead interferes with ____ metabolism

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

Symptoms of lead poisoning in kids

Answer 30

Intellectual and behavior deficits, brain damage, hyperactivity

Question 31

Symptoms of lead poisoning in adults

Answer 31

Peripheral neuropathies | ex. wrist and foot drop

Question 32

Where can "lead lines" be found?

Answer 32

Gums and metaphyses

Question 33

Hypochromic microcytic anemia, Basophilic stippling, and ring sideroblasts are seen with?

Answer 33

Lead poisoning

Question 34

Hypochromic microcytic anemia has levels of MCV and MCH of?

Answer 34

MCV < 80 | MCH < 27

Question 35

Mercury causes damage to?

Answer 35

CNS and kidney

Question 36

Main source of mercury?

Answer 36

Infected fish

Question 37

Minamata disease

Answer 37

Mercury poisoning of a child in utero

Question 38

Symptoms of Minamata disease

Answer 38

Cerebral palsy, deafness and blindness in children | - mercury exposure in utero

Question 39

Arsenic interferes with ____ metabolism

Answer 39

Cellular

Question 40

Arsenic poisoning causes what physical exam findings?

Answer 40

Hyperpigmentation and Hyperkeratosis of palms and soles with cancers PALMS and SOLES

Question 41

Palm and sole hyperpigmentation may suggest poisoning with?

Answer 41

Arsenic

Question 42

Cadmium poisoning main physical exam finding?

Answer 42

Skeletal abnormalities - osteoporosis and renal disease

Question 43

Cadmium causes loss of?

Answer 43

Calcium | - Causes skeletal abnormalities

Question 44

Vinyl chloride causes?

Answer 44

Hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 45

Benzene causes?

Answer 45

Leukemia

Question 46

Silica, Asbestos and Radon cause?

Answer 46

Lung cancer

Question 47

Organic solvents like chloroform cause?

Answer 47

CNS depression and coma

Question 48

Asbestos causes the lung to be?

Answer 48

Black

Question 49

Leading cause of human cancers?

Answer 49

TOBACCO

Question 50

Tobacco decreases overall survival through?

Answer 50

Dose - dependent effects

Question 51

Not a cause of lung cancers with tobacco but is addictive

Answer 51

Nicotine

Question 52

Describe how smoke inhalation affects the lung lining/mucosa

Answer 52

- Smoke irritates mucosa - Causes inflammation and mucus production - Causes infiltration of WBCs to the lung and elastase injury

Question 53

What chemicals in smoke can be carcinogens?

Answer 53

Polycyclic hydrocarbons | Nitrosamines

Question 54

The multiplicative interaction between ____ and ____ cause laryngeal and oral cancers

Answer 54

Tobacco and Alcohol

Question 55

The multiplicative interaction between tobacco and alcohol cause what cancers?

Answer 55

Laryngeal and oral