Systemic Fungal Infections

Question 1

What 4 populations are at risk for infection with Candida Albicans?

Answer 1

Immunocompromised
Women
Babies
Morbidly Obese

Question 2

What does Candida Albicans cause in the Immunocompromised?

Answer 2

Oral thrush that leads to Esophagitis

Question 3

What does Candida Albicans cause in Women?

Answer 3

Vaginitis with itching and discharge

Question 4

What does Candida Albicans cause in Babies and Obese individuals?

Answer 4

Rash in the skin folds

Question 5

Rash in the skin folds is likely caused by what fungus?

Answer 5

Candida Albicans

Question 6

What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?

Answer 6

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis

Question 7

What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?

Answer 7

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis

Question 8

Where and in what is Histoplasma Capsulatum found?

Answer 8

Bird and Bat droppings in the OH, MO, MI river vallies

Question 9

What are the symptoms of Histoplasma Capsulatum?

Answer 9

Asymptomatic with calcified lesions

OR pneumonia

Question 10

Where and in what is Blastomyces Dermatitidis found?

Answer 10

Soil of MI river valley

Question 11

What are the symptoms of Blastomyces Dermatitidis?

Answer 11

Symptomatic with Pneumonia and SKIN LESIONS

Question 12

Where is Coccidiodes Immitis found?

Answer 12

Southwest U.S in desert areas

Question 13

What are the symptoms of Coccidiodes Immitis?

Answer 13

Self-limited acute pneumonia

Question 14

The thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidiodes) cause what?

Answer 14

Primary lung infections by inhaling spores

Question 15

How do the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) spread and what is the result?

Answer 15

Hematogenously =

= Granulomas

Question 16

All the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) show an increase in what cells?

Answer 16

Eosinophils

Question 17

Increased eosinophils can indicate?

Answer 17

Infection by the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi

= Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidiodes

Question 18

What fungi is found in pigeon droppings worldwide?

Answer 18

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Question 19

Cryptococcus Neoformans is found in?

Answer 19

Pigeon droppings worldwide

Question 20

Cryptococcus Neoformans usually affects?

Answer 20

Immunocompromised

Question 21

What causes disease with Cryptococcus Neoformans infection?

Answer 21

Large Polysaccharide capsule

Question 22

Large Polysaccharide capsule causes disease with what fungi?

Answer 22

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Question 23

What symptoms does Cryptococcus Neoformans cause in immunocompromised?

Answer 23

Meningoencephalitis

- fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia

Question 24

Order of spread through the body of Cryptococcus Neoformans?

Answer 24

Lung
Blood
CNS
= Meningoencephalitis

Question 25

How do you diagnose Cryptococcus Neoformans?

Answer 25

India Ink shows clearing around the capsule

Question 26

Where and in what is Cryptococcus Gattii found?

Answer 26

Pacific Northwest U.S. in certain tree soil (fir)

Question 27

What symptoms does Cryptococcus Gattii cause?

Answer 27

Similar to Cryptococcus Neoformans but affects HEALTHY PEOPLE WITH MORE PULMONARY manifestations

Question 28

Meningoencephalitis + pulmonary manifestations in healthy people

Answer 28

Cryptococcus Gattii

Question 29

What does Aspergillus contaminate?

Answer 29

Grains, peanuts, corn, rice

Question 30

What can contaminate grains, peanuts, corn, rice?

Answer 30

Aspergillus

Question 31

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Answer 31

- Caused by Aspergillus | = Bronchospasm mediated by IgE

Question 32

Aspergilloma

Answer 32

- Lung cavitation filled with Aspergillus | "fungus ball"

Question 33

"fungus ball"

Answer 33

Aspergilloma in the lungs

Question 34

What toxin does Aspergillus produce in food?

Answer 34

Aflatoxin

Question 35

What does Aflatoxin ingestion cause?

Answer 35

- Produced by Aspergillus | = Chronic hepatic injury that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 36

What 3 populations are at risk for infection with Mucormycosis?

Answer 36

Immunocompromised Diabetics Organ transplant

Question 37

In what conditions does Mucormycosis grow?

Answer 37

Increased glucose and acidic conditions

Question 38

What potentiates infection of Mucormycosis?

Answer 38

Deferoxamine

Question 39

What does Deferoxamine do?

Answer 39

Potentiates infection of Mucormycosis by delivering iron to the fungus

Question 40

What is the main infection caused by Mucormycosis?

Answer 40

Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral infection | - fatal if not treated

Question 41

Sinus pain that progresses to involve the orbit, palate and brain is caused by?

Answer 41

Mucormycosis

Question 42

Pneumocytis Jiroveci infects what population?

Answer 42

AIDS defining illness

Question 43

What shape does Pneumocytis Jiroveci take?

Answer 43

Crushed ping pong ball shape

Question 44

Symptoms of infection by Pneumocytis Jiroveci?

Answer 44

Fever, shortness of breath, non-productive cough

Question 45

What are the Fungi-like Bacteria?

Answer 45

Actinomyces | Nocardia Asteroides

Question 46

Attributes of Actinomyces?

Answer 46

Fungi-like bacteria Gram (+) Anaerboic and filamentous

Question 47

Actinomyces is normal flora in many locations. What structural formation does it create?

Answer 47

Sulfur granule formation = Actinomyces mixed with inflammatory debris (Fungi-like bacteria)

Question 48

What are the symptoms of infection with Actinomyces?

Answer 48

Cervicofacial eroding abscesses | Fungi-like bactera

Question 49

Attributes of Nocardia Asteroides?

Answer 49

Fungi-like bacteria Gram (+) Aerobic and filamentous Acid-fast bacilli

Question 50

Nocardia Asteroides is similar to what?

Answer 50

Tuberculosis

Question 51

Symptoms of infection with Norcardia Asteroides?

Answer 51

- Fungi-like bacteria | = Pneumonia, lung abscesses, cavitations