Drugs of Abuse and Thermal Injuries (9)

Question 1

Cocaine causes what main symptoms?

Answer 1

Cardiac Arrhythmias
MI due to platelet aggregation and Vasoconstriction
Tachycardia and HTN

Question 2

Lethal Cardiac Arrhythmias due to cocaine use are NOT? And what causes them?

Answer 2

DOSE - related!

Disruption of sympathetic and ion transport activity

Question 3

Cocaine also causes decreased blood flow to?

Answer 3

Placenta

Question 4

Opiates cause what main symptoms?

Answer 4

Respiratory Depression
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary Edema

Question 5

If Opiates cause infections, what will occur?

Answer 5

Endocarditis in the RIGHT heart valves

Question 6

Endocarditis in the RIGHT heart valves will most likely be from?

Answer 6

Opiate use

Question 7

Violent behavior, confusion, hallucinations and paranoia

Answer 7

Methamphetamine

Question 8

Chronic use of MDMA (ecstasy) causes?

Answer 8

Sleep disorders
Aggression
Depression
Anxiety

Question 9

Marijuana bad effects

Answer 9

Increased HR, Angina with CAD if BP affected

- Cognitive and Psychomotor impairments

Question 10

How would marijuana cause cancer?

Answer 10

High amounts of carcinogens in smoke

Question 11

What component of Marijuana causes cognitive and psychomotor impairments?

Answer 11

THC

Question 12

What 3 things does a burn injury depend on?

Answer 12

1. Depth of burn
2. % of body surface affected
3. Internal injuries

Question 13

The rule of 9’s is used to calculate?

Answer 13

% of body surface affected by burns

Question 14

1st degree burn

Answer 14

Just epidermis

Question 15

2nd degree burn

Answer 15

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 16

3rd degree burn

Answer 16

Epidermis, Dermis and Subcutaneous tissue

Question 17

4th degree burn

Answer 17

All the way to the muscle

Question 18

Shock from a burn occurs when?

Answer 18

Burns over 20% of body surface

Question 19

Shock symptoms

Answer 19

Pulmonary edema (more fluid in interstitial space)
Hypermetabolic state due to increased heat loss

Question 20

Hyperthermia

Answer 20

Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures

Question 21

What causes heat cramps?

Answer 21

Loss of electrolytes via sweat = cramps of muscles

Question 22

Heat exhaustion

Answer 22

Sudden fainting episode due to hypovolemia caused by dehydration - lack of cardiac compensation
- Rehydrate to recover

Question 23

Main exam finding with a heat stroke?

Answer 23

Sweating STOPS

Question 24

With a heat stroke sweating ceases. What are the effects of this?

Answer 24

Vasodilation

Hyperkalemia, tachycardia

Question 25

With a heat stroke, what gene causes sustained skeletal muscle contraction/necrosis?

Answer 25

RYR1 (calcium leak)

Question 26

A heat stroke is more likely in conditions of HIGH?

Answer 26

HIGH heat, humidity, exertion

Question 27

Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 27

Heat-stoke-like increase in body temp. due to ANESTHETICS

Question 28

What causes Malignant Hyperthermia?

Answer 28

Anesthetics

Question 29

What is also present in patients with malignant hyperthermia when the muscles are contractured/necrosis?

Answer 29

RYR1 gene (calcium leak)

Question 30

Hypothermia gets the body temp. below 90 degrees. What is the order of what will result?

Answer 30

Bradycardia Loss of consciousness Atrial fibrillation

Question 31

What makes hypothermia worse?

Answer 31

ALCOHOL

Question 32

2 mechanisms of hypothermia?

Answer 32

- Frostbite - Vasoconstriction and edema = hypoxia and necrosis of extremities (gangrene)

Question 33

Electrical injuries depend on the?

Answer 33

Voltage amount

Question 34

Symptoms of a low voltage injury?

Answer 34

Burns sites of entry and exit | Muscle spasms

Question 35

Symptoms of a high voltage injury?

Answer 35

Paralysis of medullary centers and more extensive burns

Question 36

What is an example of a high voltage injury?

Answer 36

Lightening

Question 37

Determinants of effect of Ionizing Radiation?

Answer 37

1. Rate of delivery 2. Field size 3. Cell proliferation 4. O2 effects and vascular damage

Question 38

Cells that have been damaged by Ionizing Radiation are similar in appearance to?

Answer 38

Cancer cells

Question 39

Total body ionizing radiation of over 50 SV affects?

Answer 39

BRAIN

Question 40

Cell changes with Ionizing Radiation

Answer 40

Nuclear and Cell swelling | - Look like cancer cells

Question 41

With burn injuries, sepsis is possible. What is an example of bacteria that can colonize?

Answer 41

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 42

With burn injuries, why can respiratory insufficiency occur?

Answer 42

Due to inhaled gases and heat effects

Question 43

What does Marijuana dependence cause?

Answer 43

Sleep issues and mood changes when OFF marijuana

Question 44

If over 40% of a body is burned, what happens to the metabolic rate?

Answer 44

Metabolic rate doubles

Question 45

Electrical injury types?

Answer 45

1. Burns | 2. Ventricular fibrillation

Question 46

Radiation emitted

Answer 46

Curie

Question 47

Energy absorbed

Answer 47

Gray

Question 48

Sievert

Answer 48

Energy absorbed (gray) X effectiveness

Question 49

Vascular changes seen with ionizing radiation?

Answer 49

NARROWING of vessel lumen and collagen deposition

Question 50

With ionizing radiation, what will be most susceptible?

Answer 50

Hematopoietic and lymphoid systems

Question 51

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 51

Muscle necrosis due to sustained contraction