Secondary Immunodeficiency - HIV Flashcards
(46 cards)
How are Secondary Immunodeficiencies acquired?
They are acquired
Overall cascade of how HIV, AIDS and infections work?
- HIV affects body to a certain extent
- AIDS is the manifestation of that
- Opportunistic infection, neoplasms and neuro manifestations will then occur
What is the most risky form of transmission for HIV and why?
Sex - mucosa is thin
Besides sex, how is HIV transmitted?
Needles, blood transfusions, mother to baby
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
In what family of viruses is HIV?
Lentivirus family
- latency period
Most common secondary immunodeficiency?
HIV
HIV makes DNA or RNA and what is the order?
RNA - then DNA - then RNA - then proteins
What gene encodes proteins inside HIV?
gag
What gene encodes surface glycoproteins for HIV?
env
What gene encodes viral enzymes for HIV?
pol
What gene initiates transcription of HIV?
LTR
What molecule does HIV use for a receptor?
CD4 T cell
What glycoprotein on the surface of HIV binds to CD4?
gp120
Binding of gp120 allows for?
Secondary binding to coreceptor (CCR5)
Once HIV is bound to the CD4 T cell, then what occurs?
gp41 uses fusion peptide to drill T cell and insert viral RNA genome
What glycoprotein drills into the T cell to allow insertion of RNA genome?
gp41
Once the HIV RNA genome is in the host cell, what enzyme takes the RNA to DNA?
Reverse Transcriptase
Once HIV DNA is created, what enzyme inserts the DNA into host genome?
Integrase
Once the DNA is in the host genome, what type of stimulation will cause transcription of viral RNA?
Antigenic stimuli with NF-KB
When NF-KB stimulates LTR to initiate transcription of HIV RNA, what will then result?
Virus will replicate and kill the host cell
With sexual transmission of HIV, mucosal injury allows the virus to reach what cells?
DCs
When DCs have HIV, where do they take it?
Lymph node CD4 cells
Once HIV reaches the lymph nodes, where does it go?
Spreads throughout the body
