Microbiology 1 - Hospital acquired infection Flashcards
(17 cards)
definition of hospital acquired infection
time - onset >48 hrs from admission and not present on admission
What if the most common disease caused by an HAI?
Hospital acquired pneumonia
HAP > UTI > SSI
blood stream infections > GI
What type of bacteria is c. difficile?
Gram pos spore-forming anaerobe
Aetiology of C diff
spores transmissible, contaminate environment, persist long time → ingested spores germinate in gut
gut flora disturbed by Abx exposure
Name the toxins produced by c. difficile
Toxins A and B
What are the symptoms of C. difficile infection?
Diarrhoea
Colitis
dehydration
pseudomembranous colitis, perforation
Name 2 Antibiotics that are used to treat C. difficile?
Metronidazole
Vancomycin (NICE first line)
What type of bacteria is vancomycin effective against?
Gram pos
What is the pathognemonic endoscope finding for C diff infection?
Columns of inflammatory exudate in colon lining
How should C diff infection be managed?
- Stop antibiotics
- Fluid + electrolyte resuscitation for patients with diarrhoea
- ORAL vancomycin/ metronidazole to combat C. diff
Other options (but are VERY ££££££) are fidaxomicin or bezlotoxumab OR faecal transfer
Which 3 antibiotics can predispose you to C diff infection?
Cephalosporin
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin
What are the most common causative pathogens in HAP?
S aureus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus
What are the most common conditions causing UTI?
Risk factors for MRSA
invasive procedures
prosthetic and implantable devices
obesity
diabets
extremes of age
immunosuppression
resistance
What is the mechanism of resistance for E Coli
ESBL
Which organsism are responsible for bacteraemia?
MRSA, coag -ve staph, E Coli
Which organisms are responsible for SSIs?
MRSA, coagulase neg staph
