Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Muscles and Joints > Flashcards

Muscles and Joints Flashcards

(96 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joints; symptom present in many joint diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atrophy

A

wasting away; literally “without development”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

specialized type of muscle that forms the wall of the heart. A type of involuntary muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

contract/contraction

A

a reduction in size, especially of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contracture

A

an abnormal (usually permanent) bending of a joint into a fixed position; usually caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fascia

A

thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

insertion

A

the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles that act without conscious control. they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

muscle fiber

A

the name given to the individual muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

origin

A

the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable (ie. the more fixed end of attachment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pelvic girdle weakness

A

weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle (the muscles that extend the hip and the knee). in muscular dystrophy, the pelvic girdle weakness causes the child to use one or both hands to assist in rising form a sitting position by “walking the hands up the lower extremities until he or she is an in upright position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

A

a form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue; also known as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton; also known as striated muscle. skeletal muscles act voluntarily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes such as the stomach, intestines, respiratory passageways, and blood vessels; also known as visceral muscles. Smooth muscles act involuntarily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

striated muscle

A

muscles that have a striped appearance when viewed under a microscope. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tendon

A

a strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from a muscle, attaching it to the bone by becoming continuous with the periosteum of the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

torso

A

the main part of the body, to which the head and the extremities are attached. also called trunk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

trunk

A

the main part of the body, to which the head and extremities are attached, also called torso.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscles of the internal organs, also called smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

voluntary muscle

A

muscles (such as skeletal muscles) that operate under conscious control. Those that are responsible for movement of the face, eyes, tongue, and pharynx are under voluntary control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles; there is no evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue. The onset is early in life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

polymyositis

A

a chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal (striated) muscles. It is characterized by muscle weakness of hips and arms and degeneration (atrophy).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rotator cuff tear

A

a tear in the muscles that form a “cuff” over the upper end of the arm (head and humerus).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

strains

A

an injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from overstretching, over extension, or misuse (i.e., a “muscle pull”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
muscle biopsy
the extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue, through either a biopsy needle or an incisional biopsy, for the purposes of examining under a microscope.
26
electromyography
is the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current.
27
IM
intramuscular
28
MD
muscular dystrophy
29
DTR
deep tendon reflexes
30
EMG
electromyography
31
fibrous joint
the surfaces of the bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue. This is an immovable joint.
32
cartilaginous joint
the bones are connected by cartilage, as in the symphysis (joint between the pubic bones of the pelvis). This type of joint allows limited movement.
33
synovial joint
the bones have a space between them called the joint cavity. the joint cavity is lined with a synovial membrane, which secretes a thick lubricating fluid called the synovial fluid. The bones of the joing are held together by ligaments. The surfaces of the connecting bone are protected by a thin layer of cartilage called the articular cartilage. This joint allows free movement.
34
hinge joint
allows movement in one direction - a back and forth type motion.
35
ball-and-socket joint
allows movement in many directions around a central point. A ball shaped head that fits into the concave depression of another bone allows the bone with the ball-shaped head to move in many directions.
36
flexion
is a bending motion. it decreases the angle between to bones.
37
extension
is a straightening motion. It increases the angle between two bones.
38
abduction
the movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
39
adduction
the movement of a bone toward the midline of the body.
40
rotation
the movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis.
41
supination
the act of turning the palm up or forward
42
pronation
the act of turning the palm down or backward
43
dorsiflexion
the foot narrows the angle between the leg and the top of the foot
44
plantar flexion
the foot increases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot.
45
circumduction
the movement of an extremity around in a circular motion. this motion can be performed with ball-and-socket joints
46
articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones
47
articulation
the point at which two bones comes together; a joint
48
bunion
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
49
bunionectomy
surgical removal of a bunion; removing the bony overgrowth and the bursa
50
bursa
a small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur.
51
closed manipulation
the manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision; also called closed reduction.
52
closed reduction
the manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision; also called closed manipulation.
53
crepitation
clicking or cracking sounds heard upon joint movement
54
ganglionectomy
surgical removal of a ganglion
55
joint cavity
the space between two connecting bones
56
kyphosis
humpback
57
ligaments
connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint
58
malaise
a vague feeling of weakness
59
needle aspiration
the insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of withdrawing fluid
60
photosensitivity
increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
61
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve, marked by pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg
62
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation
63
suture
an immovable joint
64
synovial fluid
a thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints
65
synovial membrane
the lining of the synovial joint cavity
66
viscous
sticky; gelatinous
67
adhesive capsulitis
a shoulder condition characterized by stiffness of the shoulder, limited shoulder movement, and pain; also known as "frozen shoulder". The condition may be idiopathic (cause unknown) or due to an underlying cause such as trauma, osteoarthritis, or system diseases. Divided into three stage: the painful stage, the adhesive stave and the recovery stage.
68
arthritis
inflammation of the joint
69
ankylosing spondylitis
a type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
70
dislocation
the displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing a loss of function of the joint.
71
ganglion
a cystic tumor developing on a tendon;
72
gout
a form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint on the great toe.
73
herniated disk
the rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal. Also called a slipped disk or a ruptured disk.
74
Lyme disease
an acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick.
75
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease. It is the most common form of arthritis and results from wear and tear on the joints, especially weight-bearing joints such as the hips and knees.
76
rheumatoid arthritis
is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body, mainly the small peripheral joints such as in the hands and feet.
77
sprains
an injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint, caused by wrenching and twisting motion.
78
strains
injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of a tendon
79
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other organs The most striking symptom of the disease is the "butterfly rash" that appears on both cheeks, joined by a narrow band of rash across the nose.
80
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint with a need for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis
81
arthrogram
an X-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium
82
arthrography
the process of X-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium has been injected into the joint.
83
arthroplasty
the surgical reconstruction (repair) of a joint
84
arthroscopy
the visualization f the interior of a joint by using an endoscope.
85
rheumatoid factor
a blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of connective tissue diseases
86
erythrocyte sed rate
a blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood.
87
DIP
distal interphalangeal (joint)
88
ESR (sed rate)
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
89
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
90
MCP
metacarpalphalangeal (joint)
91
MTP
metatarsophalangeal (joint)
92
OA
osteoarthritis
93
PIP
promimal interphalangeal (joint)
94
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
95
RF
rheumatoid factor
96
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions