Signs, signs, everywhere are signs... Flashcards
Auspitz’s sign
droplets of blood when scale is lifted
+ for PSORIASIS
Koplik’s spots
small white granular spot with red surrounding ring on gums
+ for ordinary measles (Rubeola)
Russell’s sign
Bruised knuckles
r/t bulemia
Hirschberg test
corneal reflex test
+ if light does not reflect from congruent points
r/t strabismus
“Thumb sign”
thumb-shaped patch appears on Xray
+ in epiglottitis
Steeple sign
“steeple” shaped narrowing of the trachea
+ in croup
Barlow’s maneuver
- goal
- procedure
- significance
Try to dislocate –
Adduction of the hip (bringing the thigh towards the midline) while applying light pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly.
If the hip is dislocatable - that is, if the hip can be popped out of socket with this maneuver - the test is considered positive.
The Ortolani maneuver is then used, to confirm the positive finding (i.e., that the hip actually dislocated).
Ortolani’s sign
- goal
- procedure
- significance
Try to reduce dislocation -
1 - flex the hips and knees of a supine infant to 90 degrees
2 - examiner’s index fingers placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters
3 - gently and smoothly abducting the infant’s legs using the examiner’s thumb (open like a book)
+ when a distinctive ‘clunk’ can be heard and felt (as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum)
testing for posterior hip displasia
Galeazzi’s sign
- procedure
- significance
Comparison of the height of knees on supine infant when legs are flexed - feet on surface, ankles touching buttocks
+ for unilateral hip dislocation if knee height is uneven
(if both hips are dislocated, knee height will still be even)
Galeazzi’s sign is otherwise known as
Allis’ sign
Fat-pad sign
elevation of anterior and posterior fat pads on lateral xray view
+ for elbow fracture
follow up with oblique view
String sign
+ for pyloric stenosis
Prehn’s sign
Lifting scrotum –
+ result is relief of pain = epididymis
- result is NO relief = torsion
Cremasteric reflex
Stroking medial thigh elicits raising of ipsilateral testes.
Sig?
Kernig’s sign
Flexing hip to 90 degrees, then extending knee = back pain
+ for meningitis
