Radiology

Question 1

Which unit of measurement quantifies occupational exposure to electromagnetic radiation?
a. Curie
b. Rad
c. Rem
d. Roentgen

Answer 1

C. Rem

Question 2

A roentgen is a

Answer 2

unit of radiation exposure
-describe the output intensity of an x-ray machine

Question 3

A radiation absorbed dose or a RAD is

Answer 3

the quantity of radiation received by an individual

Question 4

A REM or radiation equivalent man is a

Answer 4

unit of occupational radiation exposure

Question 5

A Curie is a

Answer 5

quantity of radioactive material

Question 6

X-rays are a form of ___________________ that penetrate matter at the molecular level

Answer 6

short wavelength, high frequency ionizing radiation

Question 7

In addition to providing images of internal structures, X-ray exposure can

Answer 7

damage cellular components (RNA, DN), create reactive oxidative species, and predispose a person to cancer

Question 8

These tissues are at very high sensitivity for radiation damage:

Answer 8

bone marrow, intestinal epithelium, reproductive cells

Question 9

These tissues are at high sensitivity for radiation damage:

Answer 9

optic lens, thyroid epithelium, mucus membranes

Question 10

Safety precautions for radiation include

Answer 10

stand at least 3 feet away from the X-ray source and use lead shielding (apron, thyroid shield, goggles)

Question 11

The only effective barriers against X-rays and gamma rays are

Answer 11

lead and concrete

Question 12

A roentgen is thought of as

Answer 12

the total dose administered

Question 13

A Rad is thought of as

Answer 13

the total dose received at the tissue level

Question 14

A Rem can be thought of as the

Answer 14

“effective dose”

Question 15

The yearly maximum radiation exposure for adults is

Answer 15

5 rem

Question 16

The yearly maximum exposure for the fetus of a pregnant work is

Answer 16

0.5 rem or 0.05 rem/month

Question 17

The features of the X-ray beam required for a radiograph depend on the following three things;

Answer 17

patient’s body weight and habitus
density of body part being examined
orientation of the X-ray beam relative to the patient

Question 18

The three ways to limit radiation exposure include

Answer 18

distance
duration
shielding

Question 19

The minimum safe distance from the radiation source is

Answer 19

six feet

Question 20

Which features will be present in a normal chest X-ray?
a. domed hemidiaphragm
b. heart borders >60% of chest width
C. blunted costophrenic angles
d. left hilum slightly higher than right

Answer 20

A & D

Question 21

Describe the ABSCDEFGHI pneumonic to systematically review chest X-rays

Answer 21

A= assess film quality & airway
B= bones and soft tissue
C= cardiac
D= diaphragm
E= effusion
F= fields, fissures, and foreign bodies
G= great vessels and gastric bubbles
H= Hila and mediastinum
I= impression

Question 22

In a normal CXR describe what you should expect of the bones and soft tissue

Answer 22

bones= intact bilaterally
soft tissue= free from air and edema

Question 23

In a normal CXR describe what you expect of the heart

Answer 23

cardiac size, shape, and aortic knob within normal limits

Question 24

Hemidiaphragms are part of a normal CXR and appear

Answer 24

domed with the right usually higher than the left

Question 25

A normal CXR should see an absence of

Answer 25

hilar widening or mediastinal shift

Question 26

A normal chest XR has ______ costophrenic angles

Answer 26

clear

Question 27

Describe the pneumonic for image quality of a chest XR

Answer 27

PIER
position
inspiration
exposure
rotation

Question 28

The best image quality for a chest XR is obtained when

Answer 28

the film is taken with the patient in the upright position

Question 29

If the chest XR is taken on expiration, the lungs will

Answer 29

appear cloudy and the heart will appear larger than it actually is

Question 30

On chest XR, inspiration separates _______ which makes these structures easier to see on the CXR

Answer 30

soft tissues and vessels

Question 31

If the patient has a properly exposed film, you’ll see the

Answer 31

thoracic vertebrae through the heart shadow as well as the pulmonary vasculature

Question 32

Airway assessment includes evaluating the

Answer 32

trachea, carina, & mainstem bronchi
if the patient has an ETT, you should determine whether it’s placed at the correct depth

Question 33

Bones should be examined for

Answer 33

symmetry and fractures
widened intercostal spaces may indicate lung overinflation or ipsilateral pneumothorax

Question 34

Examine the soft tissues for

Answer 34

foreign bodies, swelling, and subcutaneous air

Question 35

Determining the heart size is performed by evaluating th

Answer 35

cardiothoracic ratio which is the ratio of the width of the heart to the width of the thorax (both at their widest points).

Question 36

In the PA view, normal cardiac size is

Answer 36

the width of the heart is less than 50% of the width of the thorax

Question 37

In the AP view, normal cardiac size is

Answer 37

the width of the heart is less than 60% of the width of the thorax

Question 38

A unilateral depressed or flattened hemidiaphragm is a feature of

Answer 38

tension pneumothorax

Question 39

Bilateral flattening of the diaphragm is consistent with

Answer 39

COPD or chronic asthma

Question 40

Blunted costophrenic angles may indicate

Answer 40

pleural effusions

Question 41

Vessels should branch and taper from the hilum to the periphery where they appear as

Answer 41

nearly invisible

Question 42

Interstitial pulmonary edema is characterized by

Answer 42

peribronchial cuffing and/or linear patterns (i.e. Kerley lines)

Question 43

Enlargement of the aortic know may indicate

Answer 43

aortic dissection, valvular insufficiency, PDA, or severe tetralogy of Fallot

Question 44

The_______ is a radiolucent region under the left hemidiaphragm. It’s a normal finding caused by gas in the fundus of the stomach.

Answer 44

gastric bubble