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Apex Review > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of glial cells in the central nervous system?

A

astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

The ______ is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

The primary role of the neuron is to

A

receive and send information

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4
Q

_______ form white matter

A

Myelinated axons

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5
Q

_______ forms grey matter

A

Cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons

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6
Q

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Most brain tumors arise from

A

glial cells

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8
Q

The glial cells (nerve glue) support

A

neuronal function

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9
Q

The three types of neurons found in the CNS include

A

Multipolar (most of the CNS neurons)
Pseudounipolar
bipolar

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10
Q

The glial cells support neuronal function through these 4 actions:

A

creating a healthy ionic environment
modulating nerve conduction
controlling reuptake of neurotransmitters
repairing neurons following neuronal injury

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11
Q

These glial cells act as macrophages and phagocytize neuronal debris.

A

microglia

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12
Q

These glial cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes
*Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS

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13
Q

These glial cells produce CSF

A

ependymal cells

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14
Q

These glial cells regulate the metabolic environment and repair the neuron after neuronal injury

A

astrocytes

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15
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal

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16
Q

The brain can be divided into four areas:

A

cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

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17
Q

The cerebral hemispheres contain the

A

cerebral cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
basal ganglia

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18
Q

The diencephalon contains the

A

thalamus & hypothalamus

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19
Q

The brainstem contains the

A

midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular activating system

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20
Q

The cerebellum can be divided into the

A

archeocerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum

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21
Q

The frontal cortex contains the ______ cortex

A

motor

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22
Q

The parietal cortex contains the ______ cortex

A

somatic sensory

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23
Q

The occipital cortex contains the ______ cortex

A

vision

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24
Q

The temporal cortex contains the ______ cortex

A

auditory cortex & speech centers

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25
Q

Wernicke’s area is responsible for

A

understanding speech

26
Q

Broca’s area is responsible for

A

motor control of speech

27
Q

The hippocampus is responsible for

A

memory and learning

28
Q

The amygdala is responsible for

A

emotion, appetite, responds to pain and stressors

29
Q

The basal ganglia is responsible for

A

fine control of movement

30
Q

The cerebral cortex is responsible for

A

cognition, movement, and sensation

31
Q

The primary neurohumoral organ is the

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

The ______ acts as a relay station that directs information to various cortical structures

A

thalamus

33
Q

The RAS system controls

A

consciousness, arousal, and sleep

34
Q

This cerebellum maintains equilibrium

A

archicerebellum

35
Q

This cerebellum regulates muscle tone

A

paleocerebellum

36
Q

This cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movement

A

Neocerebellum

37
Q

Where is the reticular activating system located?

A

brainstem

38
Q

Which cranial nerve is MOST likely to be compressed by a pituitary tumor?
a. olfactory
b. optic
c. oculomotor
d. facial

A

B. optic

39
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerve pairs?

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Spinal accessory
  12. hypoglossal
40
Q

Eye movement is controlled by the following cranial nerves:

A

CN 3, 4, and 6

41
Q

Bell’s palsy results from injury to the

A

facial nerve (CN 7)

42
Q

Parasympathetic output is carried by CN

A

3, 7, 9, & 10

43
Q

This cranial nerve generates excruciating neuropathic pain in the face

A

Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia CN 5)

44
Q

This nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic activity

A

Vagus nerve (CN 10)

45
Q

The mneumonic for the five branches of the facial nerve is

A

Two Zebras Bit My Carrot
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

46
Q

Which cranial nerve is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

A

the optic nerve CN 2; it is a cranial nerve

47
Q

The mnemonic to remember nerve names is

A

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How

48
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the functions of the cranial nerves

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money

49
Q

The bedside test to check the olfactory nerve is

A

smell

50
Q

The bedside test to check the optic nerve is

A

vision

51
Q

The bedside test to check the oculomotor nerve is

A

eye movement
pupil constriction

52
Q

The bedside test to check the trochlear nerve is

A

eye movement

53
Q

The bedside test to check the trigeminal nerve is

A

sensation to face, anterior 2/3rd of tongue, muscles of mastication

54
Q

The trigeminal nerve is composed of

A

V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

55
Q

The bedside test to check the abducens nerve is

A

eye movement

56
Q

The bedside test to check the facial nerve is

A

eyelid movement except mastication
eyelid closing
taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue

57
Q

The bedside test to check the vestibulocochlear nerve is

A

hearing and balance

58
Q

The bedside test to check the glossopharyngeal nerve is

A

somatic sensation and taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue

59
Q

The bedside test to check the vagus nerve is

A

swallowing

60
Q

The bedside test to check the spinal accessory nerve is

A

shoulder shrug

61
Q

The bedside test to check the hypoglossal nerve is

A

tongue movement

Apex Review (224 decks)

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