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Apex Review > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

The artery of Adamkiewicz (select 2):
a. more commonly arises from the left side
b. provides collateral circulation to the posterior spinal cord
c. usually arises between T4 and T8
d. occlusion can cause flaccid paralysis

A

a. more commonly arises from the left side
d. occlusion can cause flaccid paralysis

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2
Q

The artery of Adamkiewicz originates between

A

T8-T12
left side typically between T11-T12

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3
Q

The spinal cord’s circulation consists of:

A

posterior spinal arteries (2)
anterior spinal artery (1)
radicular arteries (6-8)

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4
Q

The anterior spinal artery perfuses the

A

anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

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5
Q

The radicular arteries perfuse the

A

spinal arteries in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

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6
Q

The posterior spinal arteries perfuse

A

the posterior 1/3rd of the spinal cord

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7
Q

Interruption of radicular flow can cause

A

ischemic injury to the corresponding spinal cord segments

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8
Q

The ____________ supply the anterior and posterior spinal arteries in the cervical region of the spinal cord.

A

vertebral arteries

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9
Q

The most important radicular artery is

A

the artery of Adamkiewicz

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10
Q

The artery of Adamkiewicz perfuses the

A

anterior spinal cord in the thoracolumbar region

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11
Q

An aortic cross-clamp placed above the artery of Adamkiewicz can cause

A

ischemia to the lower portion of the anterior spinal cord resulting in anterior spinal artery syndrome (Beck’s syndrome)

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12
Q

Anterior spinal artery syndrome is also known as

A

Beck’s syndrome

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13
Q

Classic signs of anterior spinal artery syndrome include

A

flaccid paralysis of the lower extremities
bowel and bladder dysfunction
loss of temperature and pain sensation
preserved touch and proprioception

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14
Q

The corticospinal tract is perfused by

A

the anterior blood supply. This explains why the patient presents with flaccid paralysis of the lower extremies

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15
Q

The spinothalamic tract is perfused by

A

the anterior blood supply. This explains why the patient loses pain and temperature sensation

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16
Q

Autonomic motor fibers are perfused by

A

the anterior blood supply. This explains why the patient experiences bowel and bladder dysfunction

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17
Q

The dorsal column is perfused by the

A

posterior blood supply. This explains why touch and proprioception are preserved

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18
Q

List 3 spinal pathways that are supplied by the anterior spinal artery

A

corticospinal tract
autonomic motor fibers
spinothalamic tract

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19
Q

List 1 spinal pathway that is supplied by the posterior spinal artery.

A

dorsal column

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20
Q

The spinal cord links the

A

peripheral nerves to the brain

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21
Q

Motor and autonomic neurons exit the spinal cord via

A

the ventral nerve root

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22
Q

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via

A

the dorsal root

23
Q

A _______ is a collection of cell bodies that reside outside of the CNS

A

ganglion

24
Q

The white matter of the spinal cord contains the

A

axons of the ascending and descending tracts

25
Q

A tract is a

A

group of fibers inside the white matter in the CNS that relay information up or down the spinal cord or to and from the brain

26
Q

The grey matter of the spinal cord contains

A

neuronal cell bodies and they’re subdivided into 10 laminae

27
Q

Laminae 1-6 are _____-

A

sensory

28
Q

Laminae 7-9 are

A

motor

29
Q

Lamina 10 is

A

central commissures (cross-over) area

30
Q

The grey matter is larger in two specific regions of the spinal cord:

A

C5-C7
L3-S2

31
Q

The region of cervical enlargement of the grey matter contains the

A

cell bodies for the neurons that supply the upper extremities

32
Q

The region of lumbar enlargement of the grey matter contains the

A

cell bodies for the neurons that supply the lower extremities

33
Q

The corticospinal tracts travel from

A

the cortex to the spine

34
Q

The corticospinal tracts are _______pathways

A

motor

35
Q

The spinothalamic tracts travel from

A

the spine to the thalamus

36
Q

The spinothalamic tracts are ______- pathways

A

sensory

37
Q

All of the following statements about the dorsal column are true EXCEPT:
a. the first-order neuron enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglia
b. it transmits nociceptive input to the thalamus
c. the second order neuron decussates in the medulla
d. it transmits sensory information faster than the anterolateral system

A

b. it transmits nociceptive input to the thalamus
the anterolateral system, not the dorsal column, transmits nociceptive input to the thalamus

38
Q

The dorsal column is a ________________ pathway

A

Three-neuron sensory

39
Q

The dorsal column transmits:

A

fine touch
proprioception
vibration
pressure (fine degree of intensity)

40
Q

The dorsal column consists of

A

large, myelinated, rapidly conducting fibers

41
Q

The dorsal column transmits sensory information faster than

A

the anterolateral system

42
Q

The Merkel’s discs mechanoreceptors function is

A

continuous touch

43
Q

The Ruffini’s endings mechanoreceptors function is

A

proprioception
prolonged touch and pressure

44
Q

The Pacinian corpuscles mechanoreceptors function is

A

vibration

45
Q

The Meissner’s corpuscles mechanoreceptor function is

A

two-point discriminative touch & vibration

46
Q

First order neurons enter

A

the spinal cord through the dorsal root ganglion

47
Q

First-order neurons relays sensory information from the

A

dorsal column to the medulla

48
Q

First-order neurons ascend the spinal cord on the

A

ipsilateral side (same side that it entered)

49
Q

The first-order neuron synapses with the second-order neuron in the

A

medulla

50
Q

Second-order neurons cross to the contralateral side in

A

the medulla

51
Q

Second-order neurons ascend towards th

A

thalamus via the medial lemniscus

52
Q

Second-order neurons are joined by the

A

trigeminal nerve (which provides sensation to the face and head)

53
Q

Second-order neurons synapse with the third-order neuron in the

A

thalamic realy station

Apex Review (224 decks)

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