Pharmacodynamics 2

Question 1

A new induction agent has a median effective dose of 125 mg and the median lethal dose of 1,500 mg. Calculate the therapeutic index for this drug.

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Describe how to calculate the therapeutic index of a drug.

Answer 2

TI= LD50/ED50

Question 3

The _______ is the dose that produces the expected clinical response in 50% of the population.

Answer 3

effective dose 50

Question 4

The _______ is the dose that produces death in 50% of the population.

Answer 4

lethal dose 50 (LD50)

Question 5

The therapeutic index is

Answer 5

a measure of drug safety

Question 6

A drug with a narrow therapeutic index has a ______ margin of safety

Answer 6

narrow

Question 7

Examples of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index include

Answer 7

volatile anesthetics and chemotherapy

Question 8

A drug with a wide therapeutic index has a ______ margin of safety

Answer 8

Wide

Question 9

Examples of drugs with a wide therapeutic index include

Answer 9

vitamin B12

Question 10

Stereochemistry is the study of

Answer 10

the three-dimensional structure of molecules

Question 11

______ is the tetrahedral bonding of carbon (carbon binding to 4 different atoms).

Answer 11

Chirality

Question 12

________ are chiral molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.

Answer 12

Enantiomers

Question 13

Receptors that are stereospecific may respond

Answer 13

differently to different enantiomers

Question 14

___ and ____ enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Answer 14

R & S

Question 15

Examples of drugs that are R & S enantiomers include

Answer 15

ketamine
isoflurane
morphine

Question 16

By changing the ratio of R & S enantiomers in a mixture, we can

Answer 16

manipulate certain side effects

Question 17

________ contains two enantiomers in equal amounts.

Answer 17

A racemic mixture

Question 18

The more chiral carbons in a molecule, the more

Answer 18

enantiomers that are created

Question 19

The R enantiomer stands for

Answer 19

right hand

Question 20

The S enantiomer stands for

Answer 20

left hand

Question 21

Drugs that exist as enantiomers, often function as

Answer 21

2 different drugs- with different affinities for the target receptor and different side effects

Question 22

How many enantiomers exist in a molecule with one chiral carbon?

Answer 22

two

Question 23

Provide examples of racemic mixtures.

Answer 23

ketamine
thiopental
methohexital
isoflurane
desflurane
mepivacaine
prilocaine
bupivacaine
morphine
methadone
ibuprofen
ketorlac