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Apex Review > ANS anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

ANS anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which is NOT a division of the autonomic nervous system?
a. sympathetic
b. somatic
c. parasympathetic
d. enteric

A

b. somatic

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2
Q

Structurally, the nervous system is divided into the

A

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into

A

somatic and visceral (autonomic) systems or divisions

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4
Q

The ANS has three major divisions:

A

the sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
the enteric nervous system

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5
Q

The ANS provides ____________ to all parts of the body except for

A

neural control; skeletal muscle

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6
Q

The ultimate responsibility of the ANS is

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

Dysregulation of the ANS is the basis of or a secondary response to many diseases including:

A

hypertension
DM
orthostatic hypotension
Parkinson’s disease
stroke
sleep disorders

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8
Q

The entire CNS is made up of the

A

spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, and the cerebral hemisphere

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9
Q

The central nervous system is surrounded and protected by

A

three connective tissue coverings called meninges

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10
Q

The PNS consists of

A

spinal and cranial nerves (excluding CN 2) that are present outside the CNS

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11
Q

The PNS differs from the CNS in the sense that the components are not

A

fully surrounded by bones

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12
Q

Autonomic and somatic divisions are components in

A

both the CNS and PNS

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13
Q

The autonomic nervous system innervates

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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14
Q

The somatic nervous system innervates mainly

A

musculoskeletal structures and the sense of organs of the skin

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15
Q

Both somatic and autonomic (visceral) divisions contain

A

efferent (motor, outflow), and afferent (sensory, inflow) components

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16
Q

The SNS and PNS can function

A

antagonistically, synergistically, or independently to control effector tissues or organs

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17
Q

The SNS system is the

A

“fight or flight” division

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18
Q

The fight or flight system is also known as the

A

flight-fight-freeze response, the sympathetic alarm reaction, or the acute stress response

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19
Q

The PNS system is the

A

rest and digest division

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20
Q

Which type of muscle does NOT receive ANS signals?

A

skeletal muscle

21
Q

Preganglionic nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system are:
a. lightly myelinated B fibers
b. lightly myelinated C fibers
c. heavily myelinated Aa fibers
d. moderately myelinated Ay fibers

A

a. lightly myelinated B fibers

22
Q

The autonomic nervous system is also known as the

A

visceral nervous system

23
Q

Autonomic pathways have both

A

efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) neurons

24
Q

What is the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic afferent pathway?

A

lightly myelinated B fiber

25
Q

What is the postganglionic neuron in the autonomic afferent pathway?

A

nonmyelinated C fiber

26
Q

The ANS provides innervation to

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle & pacemaker cells
exocrine and endocrine glands
white & brown adipose tissue
liver cells
lymphatic tissue

27
Q

What affect does SNS stimulation have on the CV system?

A

increased cardiac force, rate, conduction, & excitability
constriction (a2) and dilation (b2) of coronary arterioles

28
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the CV system?

A

decreased cardiac force, rate, conduction, and excitability
dilation (M3) of coronary arterioles

29
Q

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the pulmonary system?

A

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

30
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the pulmonary system?

A

contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

31
Q

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the GI system?

A

little increase in salivary secretion
peristalsis inhibited
sphincters constricted
gall bladder relaxed
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis via the liver

32
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the GI system?

A

stimulates salivary secretion
peristalsis activated
sphincters relaxed
gall bladder contracted

33
Q

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the eye?

A

pupil dilates (mydriasis)
ciliary muscle relaxes (far vision)

34
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the eye?

A

pupil constricts (miosis)
ciliary muscle contracts (near vision)
tears (lacrimal glands)

35
Q

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the genitourinary system?

A

relaxation of smooth muscle of urinary bladder wall
contraction of urinary bladder sphincter

36
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the genitourinary system?

A

contraction of smooth muscle of urinary bladder wall
relaxation of urinary bladder sphincter

37
Q

What effect does PNS stimulation have on the skin?

A

none

38
Q

What effect does SNS stimulation have on the skin?

A

vasoconstriction
sweating (diaphoresis)
piloerection (goose flesh)

39
Q

Somatic efferent pathways to effectors are a

A

1-neuron route from the spinal cord to the target

40
Q

ANS efferent pathways are normally as

A

2-neuron route from the spinal cord to the target

41
Q

The effector organ of the autonomic system is the

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, cardiac conducting fibers, and glands

42
Q

The effector organ of the somatomotor system is the

A

skeletal muscle

43
Q

Peripheral neurotransmitters of the somatomotor system include

A

acetylcholine

44
Q

Peripheral neurotransmitters of the autonomic system include

A

acetylcholine
norepinephrine
epinephrine

45
Q

What are two synonyms for “efferent”?

A

“motor” and “outflow”

46
Q

Which three structures comprise the brainstem?

A

medulla
pons
midbrain

47
Q

What are two synonyms for “afferent”?

A

“sensory” and “inflow”

48
Q

What is the receptor type of the somatomotor system?

A

nicotinic ACh (Nm)

49
Q

What is the receptor type of the ANS efferent system?

A

nicotinic ACh (Nn)
muscarinic ACh: effector (target) organs of PNS
Adrenergic: effector (target) organs of SNS

Apex Review (224 decks)

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