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Apex Review > Airway anatomy > Flashcards

Airway anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The laryngeal muscles are classified as

A

intrinsic or extrinsic

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2
Q

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles control

A

the tension and position of the vocal cords
involved in phonation

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3
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid?

A

“Cords tense”

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4
Q

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid?

A

“They relax”

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5
Q

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

ABducts vocal cords
“Please come apart”

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6
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

ADDucts vocal cords
“let’s close airway”

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7
Q

The ____________ innervates all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the _______________

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve; external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

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8
Q

The ____________ is solely responsible for opening the vocal cords.

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

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9
Q

The ______ support the larynx inside the neck and assist with swallowing

A

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

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10
Q

All the extrinsic muscles end in

A

“-hyoid”

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11
Q

What is the only extrinsic muscle that doesn’t end in “-hyoid”

A

digastric

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12
Q

Muscles that depress the larynx include

A

thyrohyoid
omohyoid
sternohyoid
all other extrinsic muscles elevate the larynx

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13
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve innervates the:
a. cricothyroid muscle
b. trachea
c. posterior third of the tongue
d. underside of the epiglottis

A

a. cricothyroid muscle
d. underside of the epiglottis

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14
Q

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is a

A

sensory nerve

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15
Q

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is a

A

motor nerve

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16
Q

The ______ provides sensory innervation to the face and head

A

trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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17
Q

The CN 5 is divided into three branches

A

V1 (ophthalmic)
V2 (maxillary)
V3 (mandibular)

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18
Q

The V1 or ophthalmic nerve innervates the

A

nares and anterior 1/3rd of the nasal septum

19
Q

The V2 or maxillary nerve innervates the

A

turbinates and nasal septum

20
Q

The V3 or mandibular nerve innervates the

A

anterior 2/3rd of tongue (somatic)

21
Q

The ______ provides sensation from the oropharynx down to the anterior side of the epiglottis

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

22
Q

The ________ gives rise to the superior laryngeal nerve

A

Vagus nerve (CN10)

23
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve is divided into

A

the internal branch
external branch

24
Q

The __________ gives rise to the recurrent laryngeal nerve which provides sensation below the level of the vocal cords

A

vagus nerve

25
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the _______

A

posterior cricoartyenoid muscle

26
Q

When the recurrent laryngeal nerve is paralyzed

A

unilateral injury–> no respiratory distress
bilateral injury (acute)–> respiratory distress
bilateral injury (chronic)–> no respiratory distress

27
Q

Risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury include

A

PDA ligation, left atrial enlargement (mitral stenosis), aortic arch aneurysm, and thoracic tumor

28
Q

If the superior laryngeal nerve is injuryed

A

bilateral injury can cause hoarseness

29
Q

Which recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to injury?

A

left RLN

30
Q

If the patient gags during fiberoptic intubation, then this nerve was not adequately anesthetized:

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

The sensory function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is at

A

below level of the vocal cords–> trachea

32
Q

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve penetrates the

A

thyrohyoid membrane between the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage

33
Q

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve penetrates the

A

cricothyroid muscle

34
Q

RLN injury that can affect either side includes

A

external pressure from ETT/LMA
surgery: Thyroid/parathyroid
neck stretching
neck tumor

35
Q

RLN injury that affects the left side only

A

PDA ligation
left atrial enlargement (mitral stenosis)
aortic arch aneurysm
thoracic tumor

36
Q

The most common nerve injury following subtotal thyroidectomy is

A

unilateral RLN injury

37
Q

Treatment for bilateral RLN injury is

A

emergent intubation or a surgical airway

38
Q

The ___________ has no motor function

A

The superior laryngeal internal branch

39
Q

The _______ provides sensation below the level of the vocal cords to the trachea

A

RLN

40
Q

The ___________ has no sensory function

A

SLN external branch

41
Q

The ____________ has sensation to the posterior side of the epiglottis to vocal cords

A

SLN internal branch

42
Q

he ________ has motor function to the cricothyroid muscles

A

SLN external branch

43
Q

The ___________ has motor function to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid

A

RLN

44
Q

Which landmark is identified for a superior laryngeal nerve block?
a. greater cornu of hyoid bone
b. superior horn of thyroid cartilage
c. cricothyroid membrane
d. palatoglossal arch

A

a. greater cornu of hyoid bone

Apex Review (224 decks)

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