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Apex Review > ANS anatomy & physiology 3 > Flashcards

ANS anatomy & physiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Horner syndrome include: (select 3)
a. contralateral hyperhidrosis
b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
d. contralateral ptosis
e. ipsilateral hyperhidrosis
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin

A

b. ipsilateral miosis
c. ipsilateral enophthalmos
f. ipsilateral flushing of the skin

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2
Q

Branches from the sympathetic trunks divide into

A

somatic and visceral groups

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3
Q

Somatic groups generally travel to effectors in

A

spinal nerves

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4
Q

Visceral groups are distributed to the effectors

A

via plexuses

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5
Q

The stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic) is a confluence of the

A

inferior cervical ganglion and the T1 ganglion

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6
Q

Blockade of the stellate ganglion results in

A

Horner’s syndrome

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7
Q

Horner’s syndrome is comprised of

A

ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
anihidrosis
flushed skin
nasal congestion
enophthalmos

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8
Q

Sympathetic ganglia are not simple ________________stations

A

one-to-one relay
The SNS has a postganglionic to preganglionic nerve ratio of about 30:1

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9
Q

Visceral postganglionic sympathetic fibers to visceral effectors are distributed via four plexuses:

A

cardiac
celiac
aortic
hypogastric plexus

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10
Q

The somatic group SNS efferents stimulate:

A

vasoconstriction of cutaneous arterioles
sweat gland secretions
piloerector muscle contraction

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11
Q

All “route 1 to relay” postganglionic fibers travel as

A

somatic groups

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12
Q

“Route 2 to relay” paths provide postganglionic sympathetic fibers to both

A

somatic and visceral groups

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13
Q

SNS efferents to the head travel along the

A

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

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14
Q

The thoracic viscera receive SNS efferents distributed through the

A

cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses

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15
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia are a trio of interconnected ganglia that distribute

A

somatic and visceral efferents to the head, neck, and thoracic cavity

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16
Q

The Horner’s syndrome mnemonic is

A

Very Homely PAM (vasodilation Horner Ptosis anhidrosis miosis)

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17
Q

The largest sympathetic plexus is the

A

Celiac plexus

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18
Q

What is another name for the stellate ganglion?

A

cervicothoracic ganglion

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19
Q

What three skin structures receive sympathetic innervation via spinal nerves?

A

cutaneous arterioles
sweat glands
piloerector muscles

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves provide motor innervation to salivary glands?
a. oculomotor
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
d. vagus

A

b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal

21
Q

What nerve lies within the CNS?

A

CN2 optic nerve

22
Q

Cranial nerves may contain _____________ fibers

A

both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

23
Q

A characteristic feature of cranial nerves is that their sensory and motor fibers

A

enter and exit the brainstem at the same site

24
Q

All cranial nerves innervate structures in

A

the head or neck

25
Q

In addition to structures in the head and neck, the vagus nerves innervates

A

viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

26
Q

What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic outflow (efferents) to effector (target) organs and tissues?

A

3, 7, 9, & 10

27
Q

What is a mnemonic for names of cranial nerves?

A

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How

28
Q

What is a mnemonic for the functions of cranial nerves?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money

29
Q

What is cranial nerve 1, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

olfactory, sensory, olfactory epithelium

30
Q

What is cranial nerve 2, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

optic, sensory, retina

31
Q

What is cranial nerve 3, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

oculomotor, motor, extraocular muscles, muscle of the eyelid and ciliary muscles of the eyeball

32
Q

What is cranial nerve 4, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

trochlear, motor, extraocular muscle: superior oblique

33
Q

What is cranial nerve 5, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

Trigeminal (V1, V2, & V3) , both, muscles of mastication, face, scalp, orbit & eyeball, nasal & oral cavities

34
Q

What is cranial nerve 6, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

Abducens, motor, extraocular muscle: lateral rectus

35
Q

What is cranial nerve 7, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

facial (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical), both, anterior 2/3rds of tongue, external auditory meatus, muscles of facial expression, salivary & lacrimal glands

36
Q

What is cranial nerve 8, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

vestibulocochlear, sensory, vestibular apparatus, cochlea

37
Q

What is cranial nerve 9, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

glossopharyngeal, both, middle ear, pharynx, tonsils, posterior 1/3rd of tongue, carotid body & sinus, muscles of pharynx & soft palate

38
Q

What is cranial nerve 10, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

Vagus, both, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, aortic bodies, aortic arch,

39
Q

What is cranial nerve 11, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

accessory, motor, sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles

40
Q

What is cranial nerve 12, the function, and the structures innervated?

A

hypoglossal, motor, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

41
Q

With the CN3 oculomotor nerve, the parasympathetic efferents innervate these intraocular muscles:

A

pupillary sphincter
ciliary muscle

42
Q

The five terminal motor branches of the facial nerve are:

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
Two zebras bit my carrot

43
Q

Which structure is the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve?
a. nucleus ambigus
b. superior salivatory nucleus
c. nucleus of tractus solitarius
d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

A

d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

44
Q

Parasymapathetic nerves travel in cranial nerves ________ and in spinal nerves ____________-

A

3,7, 9 & 10; S2-S4

45
Q

The parasympathetic division is also known as the

A

craniosacral system

46
Q

Approximately ___________________ of parasympathetic outflow is through the vagal nerves.

A

75%

47
Q

The parasympathetic division is the ____________________ division of the autonomic nervous system

A

“rest and digest”

48
Q

The anatomic characteristic of the parasympathetic efferent pathways is

A

Long preganglionic, short postganglionic neurons

49
Q

Preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN7 & CN9 piggyback on

A

branches of the trigeminal nerve to reach their ultimate targets

Apex Review (224 decks)

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