Transfusion

Question 1

Match each donor blood group to the recipient(s) who can receive it.
O
A
B
AB
A, B, AB, O
AB
A, AB
B, AB

Answer 1

O–> A, B, AB, O
A–> A, AB
B–> B, AB
AB—> AB

Question 2

What determines blood type on erythrocytes?

Answer 2

antigenic glycoproteins on the cell membranes of erythrocytes

Question 3

A successful transfusion occurs when there is no

Answer 3

antigen-antibody reaction

Question 4

Plasma contains the

Answer 4

opposite antibodies

Question 5

Universal donors of erythrocytes are

Answer 5

O negative

Question 6

Universal donors of plasma are

Answer 6

AB positive

Question 7

Universal acceptors of erythrocytes are

Answer 7

AB positive

Question 8

Universal acceptors of plasma are

Answer 8

O negative

Question 9

If an Rh-negative mother becomes sensitized by an Rh-positive fetus, the mother will

Answer 9

develop Rh antibodies & subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus may result in erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 10

If an antigen is expressed on the erythrocyte, then there will

Answer 10

NOT be an antibody against that specific antigen in the plasma

Question 11

Why is O negative blood the universal plasma acceptor?

Answer 11

O negative plasma contains anti-A, anti-B, and Rh antigens so administering other blood types with these antigens won’t cause problems

Question 12

Type and screen:
a. takes five minutes
b. mixes the recipient’s plasma with donor blood
c. tests for ABO & Rh-D compatibility only
d. tests for ABO, Rh-D compatibility, and most clinically significant antibodies

Answer 12

d. tests for ABo, Rh-D, & most clinically significant antibodies

Question 13

ABO compatibility testing requires

Answer 13

5 minutes

Question 14

ABO screen & crossmatch requires

Answer 14

45 minutes

Question 15

What is the recommended order of administering uncrossmatched blood in an acute emergency from most to least favorable options

Answer 15

1. type-specific partially crossmatched blood
2. type-specific uncrossmatched blood
3. Type O negative uncrossmatched blood

Question 16

A crossmatch tests for the compatibility between

Answer 16

recipient plasma and the actual blood unit to be transfused

Question 17

Because 85% of the population is Rh-D positive, O positive can be used for emergency transfusion if the patient is not

Answer 17

a woman of childbearing age and has not received a previous transfusion

Question 18

Which blood product contains the HIGHEST concentration of fibrinogen?
a. cryoprecipitate
b. FFP
c. whole blood
d. packed RBCs

Answer 18

a. cryoprecipitate

Question 19

Packed RBCs are indicated to

Answer 19

restore oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 20

Whole blood is administered to

Answer 20

replace blood volume in the hemorrhaging patient as well as to improve oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 21

___________ is often used during trauma resuscitation

Answer 21

Whole blood

Question 22

FFP contains the following:

Answer 22

all of the coagulation factors
fibrinogen
plasma proteins

Question 23

FFP is indicated for

Answer 23

coagulopathy
acute warfarin reversal
antithrombin deficiency
massive transfusion
DIC
C1 esterase deficiency

Question 24

Platelet transfusion is indicated for

Answer 24

thrombocytopenia or if the patient has a qualitative platelet defect

Question 25

The following should not be used when administered platelets

Answer 25

filter or blood warmer

Question 26

_________ carries the highest risk of bacterial contamination (risk of sepsis)

Answer 26

Platelets

Question 27

Cryoprecipitate contains

Answer 27

fibrinogen
factor 8, 13 & vWF

Question 28

Cryoprecipitate is indicated for

Answer 28

hypofibrinogenemia
von Willebrand disease
hemophilia

Question 29

A large transfusion of RBCs will lead to

Answer 29

dilutional coagulopathy

Question 30

The dose of FFP for warfarin reversal is

Answer 30

5-8 mL/kg

Question 31

The dose of FFP for coagulopathy is

Answer 31

10-20 mL/kg

Question 32

A 5 bag pool of cryoprecipitate increases fibrinogen by

Answer 32

50 mg/dL

Question 33

What is the maximum allowable blood loss in a 70-kg patient with a hemoglobin of 12 g/dL? The transfusion trigger is a hemoglobin of 6 g/dL?

Answer 33

2275-2625
MABL= EBV x (Starting Hgb-Target Hgb)/starting Hgb

Question 34

Blood loss should be replaced with

Answer 34

crystalloid or colloid solutions until the risk of anemia outweighs the risk of transfusion

Question 35

Transfusions are usually not needed if Hgb is greater than

Answer 35

10 g/dL

Question 36

Transfusions are usually needed if the hemoglobin is less than

Answer 36

6 g/dL

Question 37

Patients with significant coronary artery disease should be transfused when HCT falls below

Answer 37

28-30%

Question 38

When the Hgb is between 6-10 g/dL, the decision to transfuse should be based on

Answer 38

the patient’s physiologic response to anemia

Question 39

the estimated blood volumes for premature neonates is

Answer 39

90-100 mL/kg

Question 40

The estimated blood volume for full term neonates is

Answer 40

80-90 mL/kg

Question 41

The estimated blood volume for infants is

Answer 41

80 mL/kg

Question 42

The estimated blood volume for adults is

Answer 42

70 mL/kg

Question 43

_____________ provides a rough estimate of how much blood a patient can lose before transfusion is needed

Answer 43

The maximum allowable blood loss equation

Question 44

If a 70 kg patient has a hgb of 12 g/dL and acutely loses 1 L of blood, what is the new hgb value?

Answer 44

the answer is 12 g/dL b/c even though the patient has lost 1/5th of his blood volume the amount of Hgb per dL of blood has not changed

Question 45

What is the maximum allowable blood loss equation?

Answer 45

MABL= EBV x (Actual Hgb-lowest Hgb)/actual Hgb
*Hct can be replaced for Hgb