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MTAP 1 Clinical Chemistry > SEM (Analytical techniques and Instrumentation, Pt 2) > Flashcards

SEM (Analytical techniques and Instrumentation, Pt 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Designed to compensate for various in intensity of the light source by SPLITTING the light beam from the lamp and directing one portion to a reference cuvet and the other to the sample cuvet

a. Luminometry
b. Double-Beam spctrophotometry
c. Fluoromtry
d. Scintillation counting

A

b

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2
Q

Has 2 cuvettes (and 2 photodetectors) struck at the same time

a. Double-beam-in-space
b. Double-beam-in-time

A

a

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3
Q

Has a chopper that alternately pass the signal at reference and sample cuvette one at the time (1 photodetector)

a. Double-beam-in-space
b. Double-beam-in-time

A

b

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4
Q

The principle of Fluorometry is the measurement of the amount of _____ emitted by excited molecules

A

Light

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5
Q

Important components of Fluorometry includes:

  • -
A
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6
Q

Light detected in fluorometry is produce by the analyte of interest and not by the source

T or F

A

T

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7
Q

What do you call a light/Energy before it hit the sample in fluorometry?

A

Excitation energy

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8
Q

What do you call a light/energy that came from the sample in fluorometry?

A

Emission energy/Fluorescent light

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9
Q

Gas discharge lamp is the source of UV light for Emission energy

T or F

A

F

Excitation energy no emission

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10
Q

Fluorometry has how many monochromator?

A

2

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11
Q

Use to filter light coming from the source

a. Primary monochromator
b. Secondary monochromator

A

a

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12
Q

Use to filter light coming from the Sample

a. Primary monochromator
b. Secondary monochromator

A

b

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13
Q

Photomultiplier is used due to what light in fluorometry?

A

Fluorescent

Fluorescent has Long wavelength meaning low energy which is why photomultiplier is used to amplify the signal 1000 fold

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14
Q

Why is Photodetector and secondary is place right angle to the source?

A

To prevent light source from being detected (2 types of light will be detected if it is align)

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15
Q

Causes of Quenching in Fluorometry:

  • Increase in________
  • Prolonged exposure to ____ light
  • Too Concentrated sample (_______)
  • ____ changes
  • Contaminating chemicals
A

Temperature

UV

Undiluted

pH

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16
Q

Luminometry is more sensitive that fluoremetry

T or F

A

T

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17
Q

Fluorometry is 1000x more sensitive than spectrophotometry

T or F

A

T

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18
Q

Luminometry is capable of ___________ detection limits

a. Submillimolar
b. Subnanomolar
c. Subpicomolar
d. Subfemtomolar

A

c. Subpicomolar

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19
Q

The principle of Luminometry is the measurement of light emission caused by:

  • Chemicals
  • Biochemicals
  • Electrochemical reaction
  • Photo illumination

Which among does not belong?

A

Photo illumination

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20
Q

The most common among the techniques in terms of application is detector system in immunoassay

Fluorometry: Fluorescent immunoassay

Luminometry: __________________

Scintillation counting: _____________________

Turbidimetry and nephelometry: ________________________

A

Chemiluminescence

Radioimmunoassay

Precipitation-based assays

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21
Q

Emission of light caused by oxidation of organic compounds catalyzed by an enzyme, metal, or hemin

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

a

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22
Q

Emission of light caused by a reaction generated electrochemically on the surface of an electrode

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

c

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23
Q

A special form of chemiluminescence where an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction produces light emission which INVOLVES the use of natural substrate

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

b

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24
Q

Most common substrates used:

  • Dioxitane phosphate
  • Isoluminol
  • Acridinium ester

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

a

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25
Q

Luciferin

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

b

26
Q

Ruthenium

a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence

A

c

27
Q

Types of Scintillation counting:

Gamma counter: I-125 / I-135

a. Crystal
b. Liquid

A

a

28
Q

Types of Scintillation counting:

Beta counter: H-3 / C-14

a. Crystal
b. Liquid

A

b

29
Q

Measurement of the amount of light blocked

a. Turbidimetry
b. Nephelometry

A

a

30
Q

Detects the amount of light scattered

a. Turbidimetry
b. Nephelometry

A

b

31
Q

Involves FRAGMENTATION and IONIZATION of molecules

a. Mass spectrometry
b. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy

A

a. Mass spectrometry

32
Q

Non- destructive method for determining the structure of organic compounds ESPECIALLY LIPOPROTEINS

a. Mass spectrometry
b. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy

A

b

33
Q

Application of Mass spectrometry includes:

  • MALDI TOF MS
  • GC-MS / HPLC-MS
  • Tandem MS
  • IDMS

which among is the gold standard for drug testing?

A

GC-MS

34
Q

Application of Mass spectrometry includes:

  • MALDI TOF MS
  • GC-MS / HPLC-MS
  • Tandem MS
  • IDMS

Which among is used for proteomics?

A

MALDI TOF

35
Q

Application of Mass spectrometry includes:

  • MALDI TOF MS
  • GC-MS / HPLC-MS
  • Tandem MS
  • IDMS

Which among is used for IEM screening?

A

Tandem MS

36
Q

Application of Mass spectrometry includes:

  • MALDI TOF MS
  • GC-MS / HPLC-MS
  • Tandem MS
  • IDMS

Which among is used for reference methods for non protein nitrogenous compound?

A

IDMs

37
Q

What is the source of energy for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy?

A

Radiowave frequency

38
Q

Continuous flow pumps each specimen in a batch through a system of continous tubind at the DIFFERENT rate

T or F

A

F

Same

39
Q

Continuous flo is subjected to the analytical reactions:

  • Carry over problems
  • Waste full use of continuously flowing reagents

T or F

A

T

40
Q

Purpose of Air bubbles in Continous flow?

a. Separating and clearing media
b. Mixing

A

a

41
Q

Purpose of Coiled tubing/Glass coils?

a. Separating and clearing media
b. Mixing

A

b

42
Q

Uses centrifugal force to transfer liquids in separate Cuvets for measurment

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

a

43
Q

Places each sample and accompanying reagents in separate containers

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

b

44
Q

MOST capable of batch analysis

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

a

45
Q

Batch analysis; RANDOM access or stat capabilities

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

b

46
Q

Cobas-Bio

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

a

47
Q

Vitros, Beckman, Dupont ACA

a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis

A

b

48
Q

Centifugal analysis is part of discrete analysis

T or F

A

T

49
Q

All specimens are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the same time

a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis

A

b

50
Q

Each specimen in a batch enters the analytical process ONE AFTER ANOTHER

a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis

A

a

51
Q

Many specimens are goruped in te same analytical session

a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis

A

c

52
Q

Analyses are performed on a collection of specimen sequentially and each specimen is analyzed for a different selection of tests

a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer

A

a

53
Q

A set of test results is obtained on a single specimen; similar to random-access analysis

a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer

A

c

54
Q

SINGLE PROCESS; only results on a single analyte are produced similar to batch analysis

a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer

A

b

55
Q

Requires the reagent to be in a unique container or format provided by the manufacturer

a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer

A

d

56
Q

In-house reagents or use reagents from a variety of suppliers

a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer

A

e

57
Q

The advantage of Point of Care testing Devices:

  • Reduced turnaround time
  • Connectivity (Electronic documentation of testing)

T or F

A

T

58
Q

Most commonly used POCTl use enzymatic methods coupled with photometric or electrochemical detections

A

Blood glucose monitors (Glucometers)

59
Q

Glucometer is used to diagnose Diabetes mellitus

T or F

A

F

60
Q

Glucometer is used for Monitoring only

T or F

A

T

MTAP 1 Clinical Chemistry (97 decks)

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