1.1.7 Basic Principles and Techniques (Quality Assurance: Analytical Variation)

Question 1

Due to chance and not recur

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Predictable pattern that may recur

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 2

b

Question 3

Random Error Affects?

a. Precision
b. Accuracy

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Systematic error affects

a. precision
b. Accuracy

Answer 4

b

Question 5

Random error Violates what westgard rules?

Answer 5

12S
13S
R4S

Question 6

Systematic error causes shift, trend and violates what Westguard rule?

Answer 6

22s
42s
81s
10mean

Question 7

Instrument instability

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Temp and voltage

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 8

a

Question 9

Deterioration of reagents

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 9

b

Question 10

Unstable blanks and calibration error

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 10

b

Question 11

Dirty glassware, sampling error

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 11

a

Question 12

Improper mixing of sample and reagent

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Operator variability

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Contaminated control

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 14

b

Question 15

Changes in standard concentration

a. Random error
b. Systematic error

Answer 15

b

Question 16

Gradual change in the distribution of control values such that they continue to increase or decrease over a period of 6 consecutive days

a. Shift
b. Trend
c. Outliers

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Gradual change in the distribution of control values such that they accumulate on one side of the mean for 6 consecutive days

a. Shift
b. Trend
c. Outliers

Answer 17

a

Question 18

Highly deviating control values caused by random or systematic errors

a. Shift
b. Trend
c. Outliers

Answer 18

c

Question 19

The major cause of shift?

a. Instrument instability
b. Standard preparation error
c. Calibration error
d. Deteriorating reagent

Answer 19

b and c

Question 20

The major cause of trend?

a. Instrument instability
b. Standard preparation error
c. Calibration error
d. Deteriorating reagent

Answer 20

d

Question 21

In calculating analyte concentration (Cu = (Au x Cs) / As), If the standard is diluted, the concentration of the unknown is Falsely ________

Answer 21

High

Ex:

Standard solution is Serum while the concentration of the unknown is Bacterial antigen, if the Serum is diluted then the antigens is more concentrated which results to falsely High which is an example of UPWARD SHIFT

Question 22

Most commonly used QC chart?

Answer 22

Shewhart LEvel-Jennings chart (LJ chart)

Question 23

X in LJ chart indicates?

a. days or runs
b. mean, SD limits

Answer 23

a

Question 24

Y in LJ chart indicates?

a. days or runs
b. mean, SD limits

Answer 24

b

Question 25

Which among the following causes Random error? a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 25

abc

Question 26

Which among the following causes Systematic error? a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 26

defg

Question 27

Error detected: Imprecision; warning rule a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 27

a

Question 28

Decision: accept the run and release the result a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 28

a

Question 29

Error detected: Imprecision or systematic bias and reject the run a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 29

b

Question 30

Error detected: Imprecision that reject the run a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 30

c

Question 31

Error detected: Bias TREND a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 31

efg

Question 32

Error detected: Bias a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 32

d

Question 33

Initiates testing of other error rules a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 33

a

Question 34

Ten consecutive control values are on the same side of the mean a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 34

g Across runs (10 runs) / Across Control (5 runs, 5 controls)

Question 35

Two consecutive values or values for TWO QC sample exceed 2 SDs from the target value in the same Direction a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 35

d Across runs (2 runs) / Across control (1 runs and 1 control)

Question 36

One control value exceeds 2 SDs from the target value a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 36

a

Question 37

One control value exceeds 3SDs from the target value a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 37

b

Question 38

Four consecutive contol values exceed 1 SD from the target value a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 38

e Across runs (4 runs) / Across control (2 runs, 2 Control)

Question 39

Eight consecutive values for the same QC sample exceed 1 SD in the same direction a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 39

f

Question 40

Range between two levels of control within a run exceeds 4SDs a.12s b.13s c. R4s d. 22s (2.55) e. 41s f. 81s g. 10mean

Answer 40

c

Question 41

NOTE: PLEASE REFER IN TRANS/RECORDING FOR THE GRAPH and EXAMPLE