3.3.1 Electrolytes and Blood gases (Regulatory factos, Functions, and Instrumentation) Flashcards by Miguel Acosta | Brainscape

Q

Stimulates WATER ABSORPTION, primarily in the collecting duct of the renal tubules

a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Arginine Vasopressin peptide
c. Atrial Natriuretic peptide
d. RAAS

A

a and b

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Q

Released from the myocardial atria in
response to volume expansion, and promotes _________________

a. Antidiuretic hormone, Sodium secretion
b. Arginine Vasopressin peptide Sodium excretion
c. Atrial Natriuretic peptide, Sodium excretion
d. RAAS, Sodium secretion

A

c

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Q

In RAAS:

Angiotensinogen —(_____)–> Angiotensin I —(_____)—>
Angiotensin II

a. Renin, ACE
b. ACE Renin

A

a

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Q

Immediate effects of Angiotensin II:

The immediate effect of Angiotensin __ is _________ of ________ arterioles and __________ of __________ arterioles

A

II

Vasodilation, afferent

vasoconstriction, efferent

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Q

Immediate effects of Angiotensin II:

Promotes immediate _______ reabsorption at the level of the _______ convoluted tubules

a. Potassium, Distal
b. Sodium, Distal
c. Potassium, Proximal
d. Sodium, Proximal

A

d

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Q

If the sodium reabsorption in the PCT is not enough, more sodium needs to be reabsorbed in order to bring back the sodium level to normal

T or F

A

T

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Q

In order for more sodium to be reabsorbed and to allow further reabsorption at the level of the DCT, sodium reabsorption is not automatic and _________ is needed

A

Aldosterone

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Q

Immediate effects of Angiotensin II:

Stimulates Aldosterone excretion

T or F

A

F

Secretion

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Q

When aldosterone is secreted, increase sodium reabsorption at the level of the PCT

T or F

A

F

DCT

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Q

Since aldosterone increase sodium reabsorption, to compensate this, _______ is excreted

A

Potassium

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Q

Counter hormone for aldosterone since it excretes Sodium due to volume expansion

A

Atria Natriuretic peptide

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Q

A system that regulates a lot of actions and processes related to water and electrolyte balance, primarily, electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Arginine Vasopressin peptide
c. Atrial Natriuretic peptide
d. RAAS

A

d

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Q

When Blood pressure of plasma SODIUM is decrease, this stimulates what organ to secrete Renin?

A

Kidney

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Q

This renin converts ____________ to _____________

A

Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I

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Q

Angiotensin I is an inactive form therefore, it must be be activated by __________ that is produced by the ________

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme, lungs

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Q

ACE converts Angiotensin I to ?

A

Angiotensin II

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Q

Angiotensin increases Blood pressure and Plasma sodium content

T or F

A

T

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Q

Function:

Volume and osmotic regulation

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

abc

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Q

Function:

Myocardial rhythm and contractility and neuromuscular excitability

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

b,d,e

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Q

Function:

Cofactors in enzyme activation

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

c,d,e,f

Q

Function:

Regulation of ATPase-ion pumps

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

d

Q

Function:

Blood coagulation

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

d,e

Q

Function:

Production and use of ATP from glucose

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

d,g

Q

Function:

Maintenance of acid-base balance

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
f. Zinc
g. Phosphate
h. Bicarbonate

A

b,c,h

Q

Measurement of light emitted by atoms following excitation by heat energy

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

a

Q

Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by ground state
atoms

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

b

Q

Gold standard or reference method for DIVALENT IONS

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

b

Q

Measurement of the amount of electricity in coulombs at a fixed potential

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

d

Q

Electrochemical technique or Electroanalytical techniques

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

c and d

Q

Measurement of electrical potential (voltage) due to the activity of free ions

a. Flame photometry
b. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
c. Potentiometry
d. Coulometry

A

c

Q

What is the internal standard for Flame photometry?

a. Lithium
b. Cesium
c. Vertiasium
d. Rubdinum

A

a and b

Q

In Flame photometry Internal standard:

it is the standard for sodium and potassium

A

Lithium

Q

In Flame photometry Internal standard:

Use for Lithium assays

A

Cesium

Q

Also known as Severinghaus electrode

a. pH electrode
b. pCO2 electrode
c. Ion-selective electrode

A

b

Q

H+ sensitive glass electrode

a. pH electrode
b. pCO2 electrode
c. Ion-selective electrode

A

a

Q

In pH electrode:

H+ -sensitive glass electrode containing _______ wire in the electrolyte of known pH and reference electrode (Hg/Hg2 Cl2)

a. Au/AuCl
b. Ag/AgCl
c. Fu/FuCl
d. Fe/FeCl

A

b

Q

pH electrode covered with membrane permeable to CO2 , with bicarbonate buffer between membrane and electrode

a. pH electrode
b. pCO2 electrode
c. Ion-selective electrode

A

b

Q

Used to measure sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium

a. pH electrode
b. pCO2 electrode
c. Ion-selective electrode

A

c

Q

In Coulometry:

used in serum and sweat chloride analysis

a. Coulove chloridometer
b. Cotlove chloridometer
c. Catlove chloridometer
d. doglove chloridometer

A

b

Q

In Coulometry/Cotlove chloridometer:

The endpoint is INCREASE in conductivity measured by _____________

T or F (INCREASE or DECREASE)

a. amperometry
b. amphirometry
c. Voltametry
d. Currenometry

A

T

a

Q

measurement of the current flow produced by an OXIDATION-REDUCTION reaction at a fixed applied potential to the electrodes

a. Amperometry
b. Polarography
c. Anodic stripping voltammetry

A

a

Q

In amperometry:

pCO2 electrode is also known as Clark electrode

T or F

A

F

pO2

Q

Difference of pO2 and pCO2?

A

pO2 (Clark electrode)

pCO2 (Severinghaus
electrode)

Q

Potentiometry

a. pO2 (Clark electrode)
b. pCO2 (Severinghaus
electrode)

A

b

Q

Amperometry

a. pO2 (Clark electrode)
b. pCO2 (Severinghaus
electrode)

A

a

Q

Measurement of current produced at gradually increasing voltage applied between two electrodes in contact with a solution containing the analyte

a. Amperometry
b. Polarography
c. Anodic stripping voltammetry

A

b

Q

Measurement of current flow as a metal is stripped off the anode of a
polarographic cell

a. Amperometry
b. Polarography
c. Anodic stripping voltammetry

A

c

Q

Used for Lead and Iron testing

a. Amperometry
b. Polarography
c. Anodic stripping voltammetry

A

c