3.3.2 Electrolytes (Sodium)

Question 1

Major Extracellular anion

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride

Answer 1

c

Question 2

Major intracellular cation

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride

Answer 2

b

Question 3

Major extracellular cation

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Major Contributor to plasma osmolality

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride

Answer 4

a

Question 5

The renal threshold for sodium?

a. 110 - 130 mmol/L
b. 120 - 140 mmol/L
c. 136 - 145 mmol/L
d. 146 - 155 mmol/L

Answer 5

a

Question 6

A reference value for Sodium

a. 110 - 130 mmol/L
b. 120 - 140 mmol/L
c. 136 - 145 mmol/L
d. 146 - 155 mmol/L

Answer 6

c

Question 7

Panic value for Sodium:

Hyponatremia:

a. Less than or equal to 120 mmol/L
b. More than or equal to 160 mmol/L
c. Less than or equal to 160 mmol/L
d. More than or equal to 120 mmol/L

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Panic value for Sodium:

Hypernatremia:

a. Less than or equal to 120 mmol/L
b. More than or equal to 160 mmol/L
c. Less than or equal to 160 mmol/L
d. More than or equal to 120 mmol/L

Answer 8

b

Question 9

The major contributor for plasma oncotic pressure is _______ and for
plasma osmolality is Sodium.

Answer 9

Albumin

Question 10

Most common method for Sodium?

a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein

Answer 10

a

Question 11

ISE of Sodium is ____ tip electrode

Answer 11

Glass

Question 12

In ISE:

Sample is subjected to sodium measurement WITHOUT DILUTION

a. Direct
b. Indirect

Answer 12

a

Question 13

In ISE:

Sample is subjected to sodium measurement WITH DILUTION

a. Direct
b. Indirect

Answer 13

b

Question 14

In ISE:

Prone to Pseudohyponatremia

a. Direct
b. Indirect

Answer 14

b

Question 15

Traditional colorimetric spectrophotometric method for sodium

a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein

Answer 15

c

Question 16

Use for Monovalent ions

a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Color of sodium in Flame photometry?

a. Yellow
b. Violet
c. Red

Answer 17

a

Question 18

In Hyponatremia:

Na loss is:_______
Water retention:_______

Answer 18

Both increased

Question 19

Water retention influence DILUTION on Plasma or Extracellular water?

T or F

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Water retention influence DILUTION on Plasma or Extracellular water which is called?

Answer 20

Dilutional hyponatremia

Question 21

Dilutional hyponatremia is characterized by:

Osmotic pressure:__________
Hydrostatic pressure:_________

Answer 21

Decrease

Increase

Question 22

Dilutional hyponatremia is associated with the following:

• Renal failure
• Congestive Heart failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hepatic cirrhosis

T or F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Increased Sodium loss is known as?

Answer 23

Depletional hyponatremia

Question 24

Addisons disease is known as decrease in?

Answer 24

Aldosterone

Question 25

Salt losing nephropathy is a loss of sodium through the kidneys or through urine

T or F

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Dilutional hyponatremia is associated with Addison’s Disease

T or F

Answer 26

F

Depletional hyponatremia

Question 27

Depletional hyponatremia is associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis

T or F

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Increase sodium loss
Increase Water Retention

a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality

Answer 28

a

Question 29

• Hyperglycemia
• Mannitol infusion

a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality

Answer 29

c

Question 30

• Increase non-sodium cations
• Pseudohyponatremia
• In vitro hemolysis

a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality

Answer 30

b

Question 31

What are the electrolytes that is release due to hemolysis?

Answer 31

Magnesium and Potassium

Remember that they are Intracellular

Question 32

In pseudohyponatremia;

Do not use indirect ISE if the patient has ______ plasma Protein/lipid

Answer 32

High

Question 33

High osmolality indicates Sodium only

T or F

Answer 33

F

Major osmotic particles consist of Sodium, Glucose and BUN. If Sodium is low and Glucose is high, the glucose will cause high osmolality

Question 34

Hypernatremia:

Na intake or retention: ________
Water loss:________

Answer 34

Increase

Increase

Question 35

What type of hypernatremia is associated with Increase sodium intake or retention?

a. Absolute hypernatremia
b. Relative hypernatremia

Answer 35

a

Question 36

What type of hypernatremia is associated with Increase water loss?

a. Absolute hypernatremia
b. Relative hypernatremia

Answer 36

b

Question 37

Increase sodium retention is associated with what syndrome?

Answer 37

Hyperaldosteronism or Conn’s sndrome

Question 38

Increase sodium intake is due to sodium bicarbonate over dose / Anticid

T or F

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Increase water loss is due to:

• Dehydration
• Produse sweating

T or F

Answer 39

T

Question 40

Diabetes insipidus is associated with RELATIVE hypernatremia

T or F

Answer 40

T

due to decrease in ADH production

Question 41

• Partial AVP defect
• Osmotic diuresis

a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg

Answer 41

b

Question 42

Loss of thirst
insensible loss of H2O
Gi loss of fluid
Excess intake of Na

a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg

Answer 42

c

Question 43

DI

a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg

Answer 43

a