Chapter 4- Ecology And Ecosystems- Communities And Eco-systems

Question 1

Define habitat

Answer 1

Environment in which species lives in

Question 2

Define population

Answer 2

Group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time

Question 3

Define community

Answer 3

Group of populations living and interacting in the same area

Question 4

Define ecosystem

Answer 4

Community and its abiotic environment

Question 5

Define ecology

Answer 5

Study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment

Question 6

Define an autotroph

Answer 6

Organism that synthesis it’s organic molecules from simple inorganic substances (e.g CO2 and nitrates)

Question 7

What are autotrophs?

Answer 7

Producers

Question 8

Define a heterotroph

Answer 8

Obtains organic molecules from other organisms

Question 9

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 9

They are consumers

Question 10

Define a consumer

Answer 10

Organism which ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed

Question 11

Define detritivore

Answer 11

Organisms that ingests non-living organic matter

Question 12

Define saprotroph

Answer 12

Organisms that lives in or eats non living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion

Question 13

What do food chains show?

Answer 13

Food chains show linear feeding relationships between species

Question 14

What do you arrows represent in food chains?

Answer 14

Arrows represent transfer of energy as one organism is eaten by another

Question 15

What is the first organism in a food chain sequence and what is it followed by?

Answer 15

The first organism in the sequence is the producer followed by consumer

Question 16

Draw three food chains including land pond and ocean

Answer 16

Do it Martha

Question 17

What do food web show?

Answer 17

Food web show how food chains are linked together into more complex fitting relationships within a community

Question 18

In food webs what can hold more than one trophic level

Answer 18

more than one producer and consumer occupy Multiple trophic positions

Question 19

Define trophic level

Answer 19

Trophic level refers to the position it occupies in a food chain

Question 20

What is trophic level one

Answer 20

Producer

Question 21

What is trophic level two

Answer 21

Primary consumer

Question 22

What is trophic level three

Answer 22

Secondary consumer

Question 23

What is trophic level four

Answer 23

Tertiary consumer

Question 24

Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms

Answer 24

Fucking do it

Question 25

Why is light useful for almost all communities

Answer 25

All green plants some bacteria= photo trophic they use light as a source of energy for synthesising organic molecules

Question 26

What is light at the initial source for?

Answer 26

Almost all communities

Question 27

How does energy enter most communities

Answer 27

Energy enters most communities as light its absorbed by autotrophs e.g. plants And converted into chemical and converted into energy by photosynthesis

Question 28

After energy enters most communities as light how does energy then get past the primary consumer?

Answer 28

Energy then gets passed to the primary consumer herbivore when They eat the plant and then get past the successive consumers carnivores as they eaten in turn

Question 29

How much energy is passed from one trophic level to another and where does the rest go?

Answer 29

Only about 10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to another the rest is lost

Question 30

How much percentage of energy is lost from trophic level to trophic level

Answer 30

90%

Question 31

What can energy be lost as when moving from trophic level to trophic level

Answer 31

It can be used as heat, used up during cell respiration, be excreted in faeces or a remain unconsumed as it uneaten part of the food

Question 32

Explain the reason for the shade of the pyramids of energy

Answer 32

The pyramid is a graphical representation of the amount of energy in each trophic level in a food chain

Question 33

What unit are the pyramids shown in

Answer 33

They are expressed in units of energy per area per time

Question 34

Why will a pyramid never been inverted (2nd law of thermodynamics)(

Answer 34

Pyramids will never be inverted as energy is stored in one is always lost when transferred to the next source–> application of the second law of thermodynamics

Question 35

What should each level of the pyramid be?

Answer 35

1/10 of the level before it

Question 36

Can energy be recycled

Answer 36

No

Question 37

What is an eco system powered by?

Answer 37

A continuous influx of new energy from an external source (eg the sun)

Question 38

Nutrients are required by what? And what?

Answer 38

An organism- which recycles an ecosystem as food (living or dead)

Question 39

What do autotrophic activities of producers produce?

Answer 39

Organic material from inorganic sources, which are then fed on by consumers

Question 40

What happens when heterotrophic organisms die?

Answer 40

Inorganic nutrients returned to soil and are used by plans —-> thus energy flows through an ecosystem, while nutrients cycle with them

Question 41

What do decomposes do?

Answer 41

Recycle nutrients–> Free inorganic materials from the dead bodies and waste products of organisms, ensuring a continual supply of raw materials from the producers

Question 42

Define species

Answer 42

Group of organisms which can interbreed, and produce fertile offspring