Acute inflammation Flashcards
What is acute inflammation
A fundamental response maintaining integrity of an organism
Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
rubor - redness calor - heat tumor - swelling dolor - pain loss of function
What is the most important cardinal sign of inflammation
loss of function
What are the causes of acute inflammation
Microorganism infection Injury to tissue Unstable environment e.g. chemical change Extreme physical conditions Dead tissue Hypersensitivity
What two physical changes occur in acute inflammation
Increase in radius of blood vessels
Increase in permeability of blood vessels
List the steps occurring in the local changes in blood vessels radius in acute inflammation
- Arteries constrict shortly (appears white on skin)
2.The local arteries dilate
(now appears red due to increased blood flow to affected area) - Relaxation of vessel of smooth muscle
What is observed due to increased radius and why
redness and heat due to an increased blood flow directly from the heart
How is the permeability increased in acute inflammation
by chemical mediators
What happens when permeability is increased
endothelia leak protein rich fluid to extravascular space
What is the effect of increased permeability
exudation
What is the effect of exudation
odemia -accumulation of fluid in the extravascular system can lead discomfort and pain
Increasing the permeability to much can also increase what?
Viscosity
how does increased velocity of fluid affect the stasis of flow rate
slow flow
In normal laminar flow where is the WBC and RBC located
WBC in the middle
RBC round WBC
When the rate of flow increases in acute inflammation where do the neutrophils WBC migrate to and why
Near endothelium of blood vessel to emigrate out of blood vessels and move to site of infection (active process)
