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Flashcards in Acute inflammation Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is acute inflammation

A

A fundamental response maintaining integrity of an organism

2
Q

Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
rubor - redness
calor - heat
tumor - swelling
dolor - pain
loss of function
3
Q

What is the most important cardinal sign of inflammation

A

loss of function

4
Q

What are the causes of acute inflammation

A
Microorganism infection 
Injury to tissue 
Unstable environment e.g. chemical change
Extreme physical conditions 
Dead tissue 
Hypersensitivity
5
Q

What two physical changes occur in acute inflammation

A

Increase in radius of blood vessels

Increase in permeability of blood vessels

6
Q

List the steps occurring in the local changes in blood vessels radius in acute inflammation

A
  1. Arteries constrict shortly (appears white on skin)
    2.The local arteries dilate
    (now appears red due to increased blood flow to affected area)
  2. Relaxation of vessel of smooth muscle
7
Q

What is observed due to increased radius and why

A

redness and heat due to an increased blood flow directly from the heart

8
Q

How is the permeability increased in acute inflammation

A

by chemical mediators

9
Q

What happens when permeability is increased

A

endothelia leak protein rich fluid to extravascular space

10
Q

What is the effect of increased permeability

A

exudation

11
Q

What is the effect of exudation

A

odemia -accumulation of fluid in the extravascular system can lead discomfort and pain

12
Q

Increasing the permeability to much can also increase what?

A

Viscosity

13
Q

how does increased velocity of fluid affect the stasis of flow rate

A

slow flow

14
Q

In normal laminar flow where is the WBC and RBC located

A

WBC in the middle

RBC round WBC

15
Q

When the rate of flow increases in acute inflammation where do the neutrophils WBC migrate to and why

A

Near endothelium of blood vessel to emigrate out of blood vessels and move to site of infection (active process)

16
Q

What is rouleux formation

A

RBC migrating towards the middle in loss of laminar flow

17
Q

What are the three phases of neutrophils in acute inflammation when laminar flow is lost

A
  1. Margination - move to endothelia
  2. Pavementing - neutrophils adhere to endothelium
  3. Emigration - squeeze between endothelia cells to extravascular tissue
18
Q

How else do neutrophils leave blood vessels

A

Diapedesis, passively follow RBC when they leave

19
Q

What is the benefits of acute inflammation

A

rapid response
Protection
neutrophils destroy pathogen
returns to normal afterwards

20
Q

What localises process

A

plasma proteins

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