Parasites

Question 1

Define Parasite

Answer 1

A parasite is an organism that lives in another organism and gets its food at the expense of its host

Question 2

What is a parasite more complex then

Answer 2

bacteria

Question 3

What are the three classifications of parasites

Answer 3

Protoza
Helminths
Arhropods

Question 4

What are the features of a protozoa parasite

Answer 4

One cell organism

Free living

Question 5

Where do protozoa multiply

Answer 5

Multiply in humans

Question 6

What is a protoza called if found in small intestine or blood

Answer 6

Fecal oral route

Arthropod vector

Question 7

What are three example of protozoa

Answer 7

Malaria
Amoebae
flagellates

Question 8

What are three infections caused by protozoa parasite

Answer 8

Malaria
Amoebic Dysentery
Leishmaniasis

Question 9

What is the parasite injected into the skin by mosquitoes called which causes malaria (what is the most deadliest form of the parasite)

Answer 9

Plasmodium

plasmodium falciparum

Question 10

What does plasmodium parasite do in infected humans

Answer 10

Invade RBC, multiply and lyse cells

Question 11

How is malaria diagnosed

Answer 11

Thick and thin blood films H

Question 12

How is malaria controlled

Answer 12

Nets

Prophylaxis

Question 13

Define sporozates

Answer 13

infective agent introduced into a host

Question 14

Define merozoites

Answer 14

a sporozates capable of capable of sexual or asexual development

Question 15

Where does plasmodium sporozates mature as meterozite

Answer 15

The liver

Question 16

What does amoebic dysentry cause

Answer 16

Infection of the intestine causing diarrhoea with blood or pus

Question 17

What parasite causes amoebic dysentry

Answer 17

Entamoeba Histolytica ingesting RBC

Question 18

Define trophozoite

Answer 18

a growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host

Question 19

How is amoebic dysentry diagnosed

Answer 19

Microscopy of cyts formed in stools

Question 20

What can occur in amoebic dysentry if disease progresses

Answer 20

Liver abscess

Question 21

What causes Leishmaniasis

Answer 21

leishmania transmitted by the bite of sandflies

Question 22

What does Leishmaniasis cause

Answer 22

Skin or mucosal (internal organs) ulceration

Question 23

How is leishmaniasis diagnosed

Answer 23

histology of biopsy material

Question 24

What are the three types of Helminths (worms)

Answer 24

Nematodes - round worms
Cestodes - tapeworms
Trematodes - flatworms

Question 25

What re two examples of nematodes round worms

Answer 25

Enterobius vermicularis | Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 26

How are round worms diagnosed

Answer 26

ova seen in faeces by microscopy

Question 27

What are enterbius vermicularis

Answer 27

threadlike bacteria that are excreted in the stool, laying eggs in the rectum at night

Question 28

What is the route of Ascaris lumbricoides round worms

Answer 28

ingested eggs hatch in intestine, larvae carry to lungs swallowed again and inhabit and develop in small intestine

Question 29

Ascaris lumbricoides are asymptomatic but a mass of the round worms can cause what

Answer 29

obstruct small intestine or common bile duct

Question 30

What are the examples of tape worms

Answer 30

``` Taenia saginata (beef) and Taenia solium (pork) Echinococcus ```

Question 31

What is the intermediate then definitive host for taenia tapeworms

Answer 31

Larval cysts ingested in meat | Adult tapeworm in human

Question 32

What is Cysticercosis

Answer 32

infection caused by the larvae of the parasite Taenia solium foreign cyts in human tissue

Question 33

What is the life cycle of tape worm parasite Echinococcus

Answer 33

Carried by dogs, humans ingest eggs, form cyts in the liver

Question 34

What is an example of a trematode flatworm and where is it found

Answer 34

Schistosomiasis | Fresh water

Question 35

What is the intermediate host for Schistosomiasis

Answer 35

Snails

Question 36

What is the pathway of Schistosomiasis flatworms in a human

Answer 36

Penetrate human skin, then migrate through lungs to liver where they mature, then they migrate to bladder and lay there eggs

Question 37

What disease can Schistosomiasis flat worms cause

Answer 37

Katayamia fever Haematuria Bladder cancer

Question 38

What is also accompanied by a flat worm infection

Answer 38

Increased WBC | Elevated IgE

Question 39

Detection methods

Answer 39

Microscopy | Serology (useful for deep location)