6th - Science Chap 20 notes

Question 0

In the Sun, atoms combine during __________, producing huge amounts of energy.

Answer 0

Nuclear fusion

Question 1

The ____________ diameter is more than 100 times greater than Earth’s diameter.

Answer 1

Sun’s

Question 2

Some of the Sun’s energy reaches Earth as thermal energy and ____________.

Answer 2

Light energy

Question 3

__________ is the movement of one object around another object.

Answer 3

Revolution

Question 4

The path a revolving object follows is its _______.

Answer 4

Orbit

Question 5

It takes approximately one ___________ for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun.

Answer 5

Year (365.24 days)

Question 6

Earth moves around the Sun because of the pull of _________ between Earth and the Sun.

Answer 6

Gravity

Question 7

The force of gravity between two objects depends on the _________ of the objects and how far apart they are.

Answer 7

Masses

Question 8

The __________ of an object is its spinning motion.

Answer 8

Rotation

Question 9

The line around which an object rotates is the ___________.

Answer 9

Axis

Question 10

Looking at Earth from above the North Pole, Earth rotates in a(n) ___________ direction from west to east.

Answer 10

Counterclockwise

Question 11

Earth’s rotation makes the Sun appear to rise in the __________.

Answer 11

East

Question 12

It takes one ___________ for Earth to complete one rotation.

Answer 12

Day

Question 13

Earth’s rotation axis is always ___________ in the same direction.

Answer 13

Tilted

Question 14

The Sun shines on the part of Earth that ___________ the Sun.

Answer 14

Faces

Question 15

When light shines on a tilted surface, the light is more __________ than it would be on a surface that is not tilted.

Answer 15

Spread out

Question 16

Because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis, Earth’s surface becomes more tilted as you move away from the __________.

Answer 16

Equator

Question 17

As a result of this tilt, regions of Earth near the __________ relieve less energy than regions near the _________.

Answer 17

Poles, equator

Question 18

Earth’s ___________ change in yearly cycle because of the tilt of its rotation axis and Earth’s ___________ around the Sun.

Answer 18

Seasons; motion

Question 19

The end of Earth’s __________ that is tilted toward the Sun receives more energy from the Sun.

Answer 19

Axis

Question 20

The part of Earth tilted toward the Sun experiences seasons of spring and _________. If the northern end of Earth’s axis leans toward the Sun, it is spring or summer in the _________ hemisphere.

Answer 20

Summer; southern

Question 21

The part of Earth tilted away from the Sun experiences seasons of autumn and _________. If the southern end of Earth’s axis leans toward the Sun, it is fall or winter in the __________ hemisphere.

Answer 21

Winter; northern

Question 22

During a(n) _____________, Earth’s rotation axis is the most toward or away from the Sun.

Answer 22

Solstice

Question 23

Solstices occur ____________ each year.

Answer 23

Four days

Question 24

The June solstice is the first day of ___________ in the northern hemisphere.

Answer 24

Summer

Question 25

On the December solstice, the ___________ end of Earth's rotation axis leans the most away from the Sun.

Answer 25

North

Question 26

During its revolution, Earth's axis does not lean toward or away from the Sun during a(n) ____________.

Answer 26

Equinox

Question 27

The September Equinox marks the first day of ____________ in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer 27

Spring

Question 28

The March equinox marks the first day of _________ in the northern hemisphere.

Answer 28

Spring

Question 29

The Sun's apparent path through the sky in the northern hemisphere is _______________ near the June solstice and ___________ near the December solstice.

Answer 29

Highest; lowest

Question 30

Unlike the Sun, the Moon does not emit its own __________.

Answer 30

Light

Question 31

The Moon seems to shine because it _________ light from the Sun.

Answer 31

Reflects

Question 32

Scientists hypothesize that __________ formed from rock that was in a ring around the Earth. This ring formed when ________ collided with an object about the size of Mars.

Answer 32

Moon; Earth

Question 33

Craters form when objects __________ into the surface of another object.

Answer 33

Crash

Question 34

Light-colored streaks called ____________ extend in all directions from some craters.

Answer 34

Rays

Question 35

On Earth, wind, water, and plate tectonics have erased craters. The __________ has no wind, water, or plate tectonics.

Answer 35

Moon

Question 36

Large, flat areas on the Moon are called _________. They formed after most impacts on the Moon's surface had stopped; lava flowed up through the Moon's crust and solidified, covering many craters and other features and them solidifying.

Answer 36

Maria

Question 37

___________ are light-colored areas on the Moon's surface.

Answer 37

Highlands

Question 38

The amount of time it takes the Moon to revolve once around Earth is ___________ the amount of time it takes the Moon to make one rotation. One revolution of the Moon around Earth takes _________ days.

Answer 38

Same as; 27.3

Question 39

The ___________ side of the Moon always faces Earth. The ___________ side of the Moon cannot be seen from Earth.

Answer 39

Near; far

Question 40

A(n) ____________ is the lit part of the Moon or a planet that can be seen from Earth.

Answer 40

Phase

Question 41

Phases of the Moon change because of the ___________ of the Moon around Earth.

Answer 41

Motion

Question 42

A(n) ___________ - the sequence of the moon phases- takes 29.5 days to complete.

Answer 42

Lunar cycle

Question 43

More of the Moon's near side is lit each night during the __________.

Answer 43

Waxing phase

Question 44

After the first week of the lunar cycle, the Moon's entire ___________ half is lit. This phase is called the ___________ moon phase.

Answer 44

Western; first quarter

Question 45

During the second week of the lunar cycle, when the Moon's near side is completely lit, it is at the __________ moon phase.

Answer 45

Full

Question 46

Less of the Moon's near side is lit each night during the __________.

Answer 46

Waning phase

Question 47

During the third week of the lunar cycle, only the __________ half of the Moon is lit. This phase is called the _________ phase.

Answer 47

Eastern; third quarter

Question 48

At the end of the lunar cycle, you cannot see any of the lit side of the Moon, which is called the __________ moon phase.

Answer 48

New

Question 49

When one object blocks light from another object, a(n) ___________ results.

Answer 49

Shadow

Question 50

Light from a(n) ___________ source forms a shadow with lighter and darker parts.

Answer 50

Light

Question 51

The darker central part of a shadow is called the __________.

Answer 51

Umbrella

Question 52

In the umbra, light is ___________ blocked.

Answer 52

Totally

Question 53

The lighter part of the shadow is called the __________.

Answer 53

Penumbra

Question 54

In the penumbra, light is ___________ blocked.

Answer 54

Partially

Question 55

When the Moon passes between Earth and Sun, it casts a shadow on _____________.

Answer 55

Earth's surface

Question 56

During a(n) ____________, the Moon's shadow passes over Earth's surface.

Answer 56

Solar eclipse

Question 57

A solar eclipse can occur only during a(n) __________ moon.

Answer 57

New

Question 58

If you are in the umbra of the Moon's shadow, you see a(n) ___________ solar eclipse. The Moon appears to ____________ cover the Sun.

Answer 58

Total, cover

Question 59

If you are in the penumbra of the Moon's shadow, you see a(n) ___________ solar eclipse.

Answer 59

Partial

Question 60

The Moon's orbit is slightly _____________ compared to Earth's orbit.

Answer 60

Tilted

Question 61

During a(n) ____________, Earth casts a shadow on the Moon. A lunar eclipse can only occur during a(n) __________ moon phase.

Answer 61

Lunar eclipse, full

Question 62

When the entire Moon passes through Earth's __________, a total lunar eclipse occurs.

Answer 62

Umbra

Question 63

When only part of the Moon passes through the __________ of Earth's shadow, a partial lunar eclipse occurs.

Answer 63

Umbra

Question 64

You do not see a lunar eclipse every month because the Moon's orbit is slightly __________ compared to Earth's orbit.

Answer 64

Tilt

Question 65

The daily rise and fall of sea level is called a(n) ____________.

Answer 65

Tide

Question 66

The main cause of tides is the gravitational pull of the __________ on Earth.

Answer 66

Moon

Question 67

A(n) ___________ occurs on the side of Earth that is closet to the Moon and on the opposite side of Earth.

Answer 67

Tidal bulge

Question 68

__________ tides occur at tidal bulges.

Answer 68

High

Question 69

_________ tides occur between tidal bulges.

Answer 69

Low

Question 70

The _________ also affects tides, but not as much as the Moon does.

Answer 70

Sun

Question 71

During a(n) _________ tide, Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are positioned in a straight line. At this time, tides are _________ than usual, and low tides are _________.

Answer 71

Spring, higher, lower

Question 72

During a(n) __________ tide, Earth, the Sun, and the Moon form a right angle. At this time, high tides are _________ than usual, and low tides are _________.

Answer 72

Neap, lower, higher