6th - Science Chapter 13 Weather Notes

Question 0

Scientists who study and predict weather are _____________.

Answer 0

Meteorologists

Question 1

The atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, make up the ______________ of a certain place at a certain time.

Answer 1

Weather

Question 2

Air ________________ is the measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in the air. Molecules in warm air move ___________ than molecules in cooler air.

Answer 2

Temperature; faster

Question 3

___________ is the pressure that a column of air exerts on the air or surface below it.

Answer 3

Air pressure

Question 4

Air pressure decreases as altitude ______________.

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

A(n) _______________ is an instrument used to measure air pressure.

Answer 5

Barometer

Question 6

_____________ is caused by air moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

Answer 6

Wind

Question 7

In a south wind, the wind is coming from the __________.

Answer 7

South

Question 8

The instrument used to measure wind speed is a(n) ______________.

Answer 8

Anemometer

Question 9

The amount of water vapor in the air is ______________.

Answer 9

Humidity

Question 10

When air is _____________, it holds the maximum amount of water vapor possible at that _______________.

Answer 10

Humid; temperature

Question 11

____________ is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at the temperature.

Answer 11

Relative Humidity

Question 12

Relative humidity is reported as a(n) ______________.

Answer 12

Percentage

Question 13

When air near the ground becomes saturated, the water vapor condenses into liquid and forms ________.

Answer 13

Dew

Question 14

If the temperature is below 0 degrees C, ice crystals, referred to as ____________, form.

Answer 14

Frost

Question 15

The temperature at which air becomes fully saturated because the temperature decreases while the amount of moisture stays constant is the _______________.

Answer 15

Dew point

Question 16

As warm air rises in the atmosphere, it ______________.

Answer 16

Condenses

Question 17

________________ are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.

Answer 17

Clouds

Question 18

____________ is a cloud that forms near the Earth’s surface.

Answer 18

Fog

Question 19

_____________ clouds are flat, white, and layered.

Answer 19

Stratus

Question 20

_____________ clouds are fluffy and are present at 2,000 to 6,000 m altitude.

Answer 20

Cumulus

Question 21

_______________ clouds are wispy and are present above 6,000 m altitude.

Answer 21

Cirrus

Question 22

____________ is water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere.

Answer 22

Precipitation

Question 23

Precipitation that falls as liquid water is ___________.

Answer 23

Rain

Question 24

Precipitation that is solid crystals of ice is __________.

Answer 24

Snow

Question 25

Precipitation that starts as snow and then melts and freezes again is called _____________.

Answer 25

Sleet

Question 26

_____________ is precipitation formed when ice pellets rise and fall within a cloud, adding new layers of ice during each cycle.

Answer 26

Hail

Question 27

The ________________ is the series of natural processes in which water continually moves among oceans, land, and the atmosphere.

Answer 27

Water cycle

Question 28

Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor when liquid water on Earth's surface ________________.

Answer 28

Evaporates

Question 29

As water vapor cools, it ____________, forming liquid water.

Answer 29

Evaporates

Question 30

Clouds produce _____________, which is when liquid or frozen water falls to Earth's surface.

Answer 30

Precipitation

Question 31

A(n) _______________ is a large body of circulating air that has low pressure at its center and higher pressure on the outside.

Answer 31

Low-pressure system

Question 32

Air moves from __________ pressure to low pressure.

Answer 32

High

Question 33

In a low-pressure system, air moves away from the ___________ of the system.

Answer 33

Outer layer

Question 34

Air in the center of the system ___________, and water vapor in it condenses and forms clouds.

Answer 34

Rises ???

Question 35

A(n) _____________ is a large body of circulating air that has high pressure at it center and lower pressure on the outside.

Answer 35

High-pressure system

Question 36

High-pressure air at the center ___________ and moves toward low-pressure areas.

Answer 36

Sinks ???

Question 37

High-pressure systems bring __________ skies.

Answer 37

Clear

Question 38

_____________ are large bodies of air that have distinct temperature and moisture characteristics.

Answer 38

Air masses

Question 39

An air mass forms when a(n) ______________ system lingers in one area for a few days.

Answer 39

High-pressure

Question 40

Continental polar air masses are _________________ and ________________.

Answer 40

Fast-moving and cold

Question 41

______________ air masses are warm and humid.

Answer 41

Maritime Tropical

Question 42

___________ air masses are very cold and dry. They form over ________ or arctic ice.

Answer 42

Arctic; Siberia

Question 43

A weather __________ is the boundary between two air masses.

Answer 43

Front

Question 44

A(n) _____________ front forms when a colder air mass moves toward a warmer air mass. If often brings severe ____________ and cooler temperatures.

Answer 44

Cold; storms

Question 45

A(n) ____________ front forms when a warmer air mass moves towards a cooler air mass.

Answer 45

Warm

Question 46

As the warm air rises, water vapor condenses, and _____________ often occurs.

Answer 46

Precipitation

Question 47

A warm front brings ___________ temperatures and shifting winds.

Answer 47

Warmer

Question 48

A(n) ____________ front forms when the boundary between two air masses stalls. It brings ___________ skies and light rain.

Answer 48

Stationary; cloudy

Question 49

A low-pressure system can provide the warm temperatures, moisture, and rising air needed for a(n) ____________ to form.

Answer 49

Occluded front

Question 50

The _____________ stage of a thunderstorm starts with cloud formation and updrafts.

Answer 50

Cumulus

Question 51

The _____________ stage of a thunderstorm contains heavy winds, rain, and lightning.

Answer 51

Mature

Question 52

During the ____________ stage of a thunderstorm, wind and rain subside.

Answer 52

Dissipation

Question 53

Lightning is caused by oppositely ________________ particles in clouds and on the ground.

Answer 53

Charged

Question 54

A violent, whirling column of air that contacts the ground is a(n) __________.

Answer 54

Tornadoes

Question 55

Tornadoes form when updrafts from the thunderstorms begin to _____________.

Answer 55

Rotate

Question 56

_______________ is the name for the part of the United States that has the most tornadoes.

Answer 56

Tornado Alley

Question 57

A(n) ____________ is an intense tropical storm with wind exceeding 119 km per hour.

Answer 57

Hurricane

Question 58

Hurricanes typically form in late summer over warm, tropical ____________ and are the largest type of severe storm.

Answer 58

Ocean water

Question 59

When a hurricane moves over land or __________ water, it loses energy.

Answer 59

Colder

Question 60

A(n) _______________ is a severe winter storm, characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow.

Answer 60

Blizzard

Question 61

The U.S. National Weather Service issues a(n) __________ when severe weather is possible. It issues a(n) ____________ when severe weather is already occurring.

Answer 61

Watches; warning

Question 62

Meteorologists measure ____________ before making forecast.

Answer 62

Conditions in the atmosphere

Question 63

A(n) _____________ describes a set of weather measurements made on Earth's surface.

Answer 63

Surface Report

Question 64

Measurement include temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind ___________ and ________.

Answer 64

Speed and direction

Question 65

A(n) _____________ describes wind, temperature, and humidity conditions above Earth's surface.

Answer 65

Upper-air Report

Question 66

A(n) ____________ is a package of weather instruments that are carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon.

Answer 66

Radiosonde

Question 67

Satellites provide weather information by measuring the ____________ given off by Earth and by taking photographs.

Answer 67

Radiation

Question 68

______________ images provide information about cloud temperature and height.

Answer 68

Infrared

Question 69

____________ is a special form of radar that can be used to detect precipitation and approximate wind speed.

Answer 69

Doppler Radar

Question 70

The __________ model displays many weather measurements for a specific location. It appears on _____________.

Answer 70

Station; map

Question 71

Weather map have ____________, which are symbols made up of lines that connect places that have equal air pressure. These lines give information about ___________.

Answer 71

Isobar; wind speed

Question 72

______________ are lines that connect places that have the same temperature.

Answer 72

Isotherms

Question 73

____________ are represented as lines with symbols on them.

Answer 73

Fronts

Question 74

Modern weather forecasts are made with the help of ____________.

Answer 74

Computer models

Question 75

_______________ are detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex mathematical formulas. The formulas predict _____________, winds, precipitation, and types of clouds.

Answer 75

Computer models; temperature

Question 76

When the air cools enough that the ______________ is reached, small droplets of water form.

Answer 76

Dew point