6th - SS Chapter 2 Notes Revised

Question 0

The shift from hunting to farming was so important that historians call this period what?

Answer 0

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

Question 1

During what period did people learn how to farm?

Answer 1

Neolithic Era or “New” Stone Age

Question 2

How did it effect human life when people learned to domesticate plants and animals?

Answer 2

It was a dramatic change - from hunter-gathers to farmers

Question 3

What enabled people to settle in one place and develop specialized skills?

Answer 3

Farming

Question 4

When did humans learn to farm?

Answer 4

About 10,000 years ago

Question 5

How did the transition from hunting and gathering to settling in one place take place for humans?

Answer 5

Over time - gradually over a long time

Question 6

Before farming, what did humans own?

Answer 6

Only what they could carry

Question 7

What are some changes after the Ice Age?

Answer 7

1. Temperatures increased and rainfall patterns changed.
2. Glaciers began to shrink and ocean levels rose.
3. Land was covered by water in some places.
4. Some plants and animals died and some moved to new places.

Question 8

What type of food source did domesticated plants and animals become?

Answer 8

Reliable

Question 9

Over time what happened to the quality and quantity of these domesticated plants and animals?

Answer 9

Began to produce more abundant food of higher quality.

Question 10

When were people first able to start living in settled communities?

Answer 10

When they started domesticating plants and animals.

Question 11

Farming also led to the development of what?

Answer 11

New tools - such as axes and sickles

Question 12

What was one example of a benefit of domesticating of animals?

Answer 12

They raised sheep in order to use their wool for clothing

Question 13

Name a important change for humans that came as a result of farming.

Answer 13

It was the first time humans had a surplus of food.

Question 14

The climate change made it hospitable for humans to live outside of caves. Where did they live?

Answer 14

People began making homes from mud and straw.

Question 15

In order to create a surplus of food, what did they need?

Answer 15

Fertile soil, fresh water, and good seeds

Question 16

What are the costs of farming?

Answer 16

1. It took a great deal of time and energy
2. It was uncertain due to bad weather or disease
3. It could be dangerous- nomads sometimes attacked

Question 17

What are the benefits of farming?

Answer 17

1. It produced more food
2. It required less land
3. People built permanent homes
4. Provided a new source of material for clothing.

Question 18

What was the name of the oldest known farming settlements (village) in the world?

Answer 18

Catalhoyuk

Question 19

How many people living at Catalhoyuk at its height?

Answer 19

A few thousand

Question 20

What were the life like in Catalhoyuk?

Answer 20

Attached private dwellings with no large public buildings. They buried their dead beneath the floors. They shared religious rituals

Question 21

What did a farmer need to produce a surplus of food?

Answer 21

Natural resources as well as tools and labor

Question 22

What occurs when people spend most of their time working at a single job?

Answer 22

Specialization

Question 23

As population grew, farming villages developed into what?

Answer 23

Cities, these cities led to the rise of early civilizations

Question 24

How was the city if Uruk different from Catalhoyuk?

Answer 24

1. Uruk was larger in physical size (1000 acres) and in number of people (40,000) who lived there. 2. Uruk had a complex government, not a village leader. 3. Uruk had a more complex economy based on trade AND farming.

Question 25

Mesopotamia and Indus Valley were sites of the earliest civilizations because of their locations. What were the common characteristics?

Answer 25

Located near rivers with fertile soil

Question 26

What are the eight features of civilization?

Answer 26

1. Cities 2. Writing 3. Arts and Artchitecture 4. Public Works 5. Social Classes 6. Job Specialization 7. Established Religion 8. Well-Organized Government

Question 27

Food surpluses led to rapid population growth, villages grew into cities. What do cities serve as?

Answer 27

Centers of religion, government and culture.

Question 28

What was the role of government in civilizations?

Answer 28

1. To manage society's resources for the benefit of everyone 2. Form and train an army to defend the society or to expand its borders

Question 29

A shared belief about supernatural powers that created and ruled the world and was often linked to government. What was this?

Answer 29

Established Religion

Question 30

What allowed people within the society to develop the many skills and talents needed to create and maintain a civilization?

Answer 30

Job Specialization

Question 31

Are groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in society?

Answer 31

Social Classes

Question 32

What do class structures resemble?

Answer 32

A pyramid - smallest number on top and largest on the bottom. 1. Highest class - priests and rulers 2. Middle class - farmers, merchants, and skilled workers 3. Lowest class - slaves

Question 33

The government organized workers to build large-scale projects such as roads, water systems, city walls and granaries. What are these things that benefit the society as a whole?

Answer 33

Public Works

Question 34

What is closely related to public works - people built magnificent temples, tombs and palaces (served a purpose but where objects of beauty) and statues, paintings, music and literature (writing)?

Answer 34

Arts and Architecture

Question 35

What was the early civilizations economy based on?

Answer 35

Farming

Question 36

Why did cities need more government than farming villages?

Answer 36

Because of the large populations

Question 37

What unified the early civilizations?

Answer 37

Religion

Question 38

What was important for early civilizations because it allowed for crafts and other goods to be better made?

Answer 38

Job Specialization

Question 39

What helps keep the civilizations well governed, running well, and ordered?

Answer 39

Social Classes

Question 40

How did public works improve the society?

Answer 40

By making the community more comfortable, easier for trade movement and life easier in general

Question 41

Where can art be founded?

Answer 41

In every day items such as baskets and pottery as well as public buildings, temples and other objects.

Question 42

Why was the development of writing important?

Answer 42

It was important for record keeping for surplus crops and trade as well as population and historical records.