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ss chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards

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0
Q

A movement of people, animals, plants, diseases, and ways of life between the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere?

A

Colombian Exchange

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1
Q

In 1520, the Aztecs did what?

A

The Aztecs rose up and threw the Spanish out of their city, Tenochtitlan.

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2
Q

What was in the Indies that the people in Europe wanted?

A

Gold, spices and other goods - riches

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3
Q

What were the names of Columbus’ three ships?

A

The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria.

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4
Q

In 1532, Pizarro captured who?

A

Atahualpa, the Incan ruler.

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5
Q

Who did the Spanish sent to South America to conquer the Incan Empire?

A

Francisco Pizarro

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6
Q

Who was Dona Marina?

A

An Aztec woman who became an ally of Cortes. She helped Cortes by speaking to native people of Mexico for him.

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7
Q

In 1519, who agreed to let Cortez stay in Tenochtitlan?

A

Moctezuma

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8
Q

What advantages did Cortes and his Spanish forces have?

A
  1. The Spanish had armor and guns - Aztecs used stone weapons.
  2. The Spanish had horses - Aztecs were afraid of horses, had never seen them before.
  3. The Spanish had allies - many native people didn’t want to live under Aztec rule.
  4. The Spanish brought the disease smallpox to Mexico which killed many Aztecs.
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9
Q

What was the goal of Magellan’s expedition?

A

Magellan led the first expedition around the world, which began in 1519 and ended in 1522 without him. Magellan was killed during the voyage.

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10
Q

A person who lives in a colony?

A

Colonist

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11
Q

A friend who will help in a fight?

A

Ally

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12
Q

What did the Spanish do to Tenochtitlan?

A

They destroyed it and built Mexico City on its ruins.

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13
Q

What did the Spanish found in 1535?

A

The Spanish founded the colony of New Spain.

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14
Q

When was Columbus’ second voyage?

A

In 1493

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15
Q

Who is America named after?

A

The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

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16
Q

A journey made for a special purpose?

A

Expedition

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17
Q

When was Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition?

A

In 1519

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18
Q

When did Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian, sail to the new world?

A

In 1501

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19
Q

Who was Hernando Cortes?

A

A Spanish conquistador.

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20
Q

Why did the Spanish send priest to New Spain?

A

The priests came to convert, or change, the native peoples to Christianity.

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21
Q

Who paid for Columbus’ expedition west to find a cheaper and quicker route to the Indies?

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

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22
Q

The capture or taking of something by force?

A

Conquest

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23
Q

What was brought to the Western Hemisphere?

A

Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, smallpox, and sugarcane.

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24
What was the purpose of Columbus's second voyage?
Columbus returned to start colonies which lead to the Columbian Exchange.
25
When Vasco Nunez de Balboa cross the Isthmus of Panama and see the Pacific Ocean?
In 1513
26
What happen to Cortes and Moctezuma during the up rising in Tenochtitlan in 1520.
Moctezuma was killed, perhaps by his own people and Cortes escaped.
27
Was Columbus Spainish?
No, he was Italian.
28
Columbus was looking for a cheaper and quicker water route from Europe to ______________.
Indies
29
In what year did Pizarro defeat the Incan Empire?
1533
30
Who was Moctezuma?
He was the ruler of the Aztecs.
31
When was Columbus' first voyage?
August 3, 1492
32
What did country did Vespucci sail for and what did he do?
Vespucci sailed under the Portuguese flag and explored the eastern coast of South America.
33
What were two things that changed the native people way of life?
1. They were forced to work on sugarcane farms. | 2. They were forced to give up their beliefs for Christianity.
34
What did Cortes want to do when he arrived in Mexico in 1519?
He planned to take over the Aztec Empire to acquire their riches.
35
What was brought to the Eastern Hemisphere?
Turkey, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, cocoa, and beans.
36
A Spanish conqueror?
Conquistador
37
What did Columbus call native people, the Taino, he met?
Indians
38
Why do you think Moctezuma allowed Cortes to stay in Tenochtitlan?
Maybe he thought the Spanish .....
39
In 1535, Pizarro did what?
He captured Cuzco, the Incan capital city and founded a new capital of Lima in the colony of Peru.
40
What is Mexico City?
One of the oldest cities in the Western Hemisphere and the capital of New Spain.
41
A settlement far from the country that rules it?
Colony
42
To change from one religion to another?
Convert
43
What did the colonists of New Spain hope to gain?
They hope to gain wealth from farms, businesses, and gold and silver mines.
44
Did Columbus find the Indies on his expedition in 1492?
No, he landed in a part of the America's that became known as the West Indies.
45
The Columbian Exchange brought __________ to both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Change
46
Why did Spain want a colony?
To make money, or profit.
47
What did Columbus do when he found land on his expedition in 1492?
Columbus claimed the land, which he thought was part of the Indies for Spain.
48
What major challenge did Cortes face in defeating the Aztecs?
The Aztecs greatly outnumbered Cortes force of about 500 men.
49
In what year did Cortes defeat the Aztec Empire?
1521
50
What was Tenochtitlan?
The Aztec capital.
51
What happen to many of the native Americans due to the Columbian Exchange?
Many of them died due to the diseases brought to the Western Hemisphere.
52
In what year, were the first African slaves brought to Hispaniola?
In 1512
53
Who worked on encomiendas as farm workers, miners, and servants? And how were they treated?
Native people; many were treated badly.
54
What did the Spanish travel north of Mexico in search of?
Treasure
55
A group of people forming a community?
Society
56
A large Caribbean Island where the first African slaves were brought by the Spanish.
Hispaniola
57
A person who teaches his or her religion to others who have different beliefs?
Missionary
58
Who did Spanish replace native workers with?
Africans
59
A large farm with many workers who live on the land they work?
Plantation
60
Who were the largest group in New Spain, a person of Indian and Spanish background?
Mestizo
61
Who did the governor of New Spain decide to send to find Cibola in 1540?
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
62
A grant that gave a wealthy settler control of the native people who lived on an area of land?
Encomienda
63
Where did Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban explore in 1528?
The Southwest region of the United States, what is now Texas.
64
What was the sequence of Esteban's life?
1. He is shipwrecked 2. He travels in the Southwest 3. He is killed
65
Who are the people of Spanish background but were born in the Americas called?
Creoles
66
The story of the rich kingdom Cibola was told by an enslaved African sailor named?
Esteban, searched many years for the kingdom but died without finding it.
67
Who are the most powerful group of people, who were born in Spain called?
Peninsulares
68
True or False. Some missionaries mistreat native people.
True
69
Who held the lowest position in this society, they had no Spanish ancestors?
Indians and Africans
70
Did Las Casas support African slavery?
At first he did but later changed his opinion.
71
What was one story of rich kingdoms to the north of Mexico?
Story of Cibola
72
What are the four different group that made up society in late 1500's in New Spain?
1. Peninsulares 2. Creoles 3. Mestizo 4. Native people and Africans
73
What did the missionaries teach?
Christianity to native people
74
Why was Cibola never founded?
Because it did not exist.
75
Why did the Spanish have to replace the native workers?
Because many native people were dying from disease and overwork.
76
A religious settlement where missionaries live and work?
Mission
77
Who was the first European to reach the Missisippi River in 1540?
Hernando de Soto
78
Where did Juan Ponce de Leon landed in 1513?
The Florida penninsula
79
Who was a priest that defended the right of native people who lived at missions in 1527?
Bartolommeo de Las Casas
80
What became an important part of the economy in New Spain?
African slave labor
81
How did the peninsulares make a lot of money?
From slave labor

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