6th - SS Chap 21 notes

Question 0

What was the period between 500 AD - 1500 called?

Answer 0

The Middle Ages

Question 1

What happened after the Roman Empire collapsed?

Answer 1

Western Europe began an era of social, political and economic decline.

Question 2

What was the culture of the Middle Ages called?

Answer 2

Medieval

Question 3

Where does the word medieval come from and what does it mean?

Answer 3

From Latin and means “Middle Ages”

Question 4

What was the most important geographic feature that encouraged people to migrate and settle in the Roman Empire?

Answer 4

The Northern European Plain

Question 5

What areas geography made it the least attractive region in Europe to settle?

Answer 5

The Scandinavian Peninsula

Question 6

What effects the climate of Europe?

Answer 6

It’s topography

Question 7

What is the climate of Europe?

Answer 7

Warm, moist climate year round

Question 8

The Mediterranean countries have a dry climate. Why?

Answer 8

Because their mountains back the western winds

Question 9

Where do Europe’s rivers flow from?

Answer 9

The central mountains and highlands

Question 10

Name some of the purposes of the rivers.

Answer 10

1. Bring water to farmlands
2. Form natural boundaries
3. Make trade easier
4. Are were most of the European cities formed

Question 11

The German tribes were attracted to Europe. Name some of the tribes.

Answer 11

1. Huns
2. Lombards
3. Angles
4. Saxons
5. Jutes
6. Frank’s

Question 12

In 486 AD, who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe and took over several of the Germanic kingdoms?

Answer 12

Frankish leader Clovis I

Question 13

What areas did the Franks control in the early 530’s?

Answer 13

Much of present day France and Germany

Question 14

In 717, who united the Frankish lands under his rule?

Answer 14

Charles Martel - Charles the Hammer

Question 15

In 732, who did Charles Martel defeat?

Answer 15

A Muslim army from Spain

Question 16

Under whose rule did the Franks become the most powerful force in Western Europe?

Answer 16

Charlemagne

Question 17

What did Charlemagne spend his reign doing?

Answer 17

1. Spreading Christianity
2. Preserving ancient knowledge
3. Supporting education
4. Fighting to increase his power and territory

Question 18

By the time of his death, Charlemagne’s empire included what?

Answer 18

Much of Western Europe (what was originally the western Roman Empire)

Question 19

Who took over the throne when Charlemagne died in 814?

Answer 19

His son, Louis I

Question 20

Louis’ son struggled among themselves for power. So what happened in 843?

Answer 20

They agreed to the Treaty of Verdun

Question 21

What did the Treaty of Verdun do?

Answer 21

It split Charlemagne’s empire into three parts and brought an end to Charlemagne’s rule.

Question 22

During the Middle Ages, Christianity spread from the Mediterranean region to where?

Answer 22

Throughout much of Europe

Question 23

Where did the first Christian monasteries develop?

Answer 23

In Egypt

Question 24

What were secluded communities where monks focus on prayer and scripture called?

Answer 24

Monastery

Question 25

Who did the Catholic Pope send into modern Europe to convert page a to Christianity?

Answer 25

Missionaries

Question 26

Early monks, such as St. Benedict did what to help balance prayer and work?

Answer 26

Established rules - Benedictine Rules

Question 27

These Benedictine rules were used to govern life where?

Answer 27

In many monasteries and convents throughout the medieval Europe

Question 28

When the Roman Empire collapsed, how far had Christianity spread?

Answer 28

Not far beyond the Roman Empire's borders

Question 29

Catholic missionaries traveled across Europe to convert who to Christianity?

Answer 29

Pagans

Question 30

Who helped establish a Catholic Church in Germany and the Netherlands?

Answer 30

A monk named Boniface

Question 31

Describe the life of one of the important early missionary named Patrick.

Answer 31

Patrick was born in Britain in the late 300s. As a teenager, he was sold into slavery in Ireland. He eventually escaped but layer returned to Ireland to convert its people to Christianity.

Question 32

As Christianity spread, what became a powerful force in Europe?

Answer 32

Catholic Church

Question 33

Who had significant influence in medieval Europe?

Answer 33

The Pope and other Catholic leaders

Question 34

How and why could the Church punish people?

Answer 34

Because the church controlled the administration of the sacraments, they could deny people the sacraments as punishment

Question 35

Eventually, most people's in Europe were united under the Catholic faith. Although they might speak different languages and follow different customs, they saw themselves as all part of what?

Answer 35

Christendom

Question 36

Over time, this sense of common purpose would bring what with their pagan, Jewish, and Muslim neighbors?

Answer 36

Conflict

Question 37

What happened during the years between 800 and 1000?

Answer 37

Invaders threatened Western Europe from all directions

Question 38

Modern day Hungary was the home of the pagans who raided Western Europe following whose death?

Answer 38

Charlemagne

Question 39

Who were the boldest and most successful invaders following the collapse of Charlemagne's empire?

Answer 39

The Vikings from Scandinavia

Question 40

In the early Middle Ages, who were too weak to protect their people from these invaders?

Answer 40

Kings and emperors

Question 41

Who took over the responsibility of protecting people's homes and lands?

Answer 41

Powerful local lords

Question 42

As a result of the local lords having responsibility to protect the people, what system developed which was similar to medieval Japan?

Answer 42

Feudalism

Question 43

What is a system of rule in which a powerful lords who divided their lands among lesser lords?

Answer 43

Feudalism

Question 44

In exchange for land, who pledged his service and loyalty to the more powerful lord?

Answer 44

Vassal

Question 45

In the feudal system, a powerful lord granted what to a vassal?

Answer 45

A fief or estate

Question 46

For medieval lords and vassals, what was a way of life?

Answer 46

Warfare

Question 47

As a result of the warfare, many boys and young men trained as what?

Answer 47

Knights

Question 48

Knights were expected to live by a code of conduct called what?

Answer 48

Chivalry

Question 49

What did chivalry require of the Knights?

Answer 49

To be brave, loyal and generous

Question 50

What was a Knights main role in a feudal society?

Answer 50

To protect the lord

Question 51

What was the heart of the medieval economy?

Answer 51

The manor, or the agricultural estate of the medieval lord

Question 52

What were the manors centered around?

Answer 52

The lord's house or castle

Question 53

Many of the people who lived and worked on the manor were peasants. What are the peasants who were legally bound to the lord's land called?

Answer 53

Serfs

Question 54

Who were not slaves who could be bought and sold, but they were not free?

Answer 54

Serfs

Question 55

If a manor was given to a new lord, what happened to the serfs?

Answer 55

They went along with the manor.

Question 56

Peasants on a manor worked together to do what the lord's land?

Answer 56

To plant, care for and harvest crops

Question 57

Does the manor produce everything they need?

Answer 57

No, they had to travel to nearby market towns.

Question 58

Did the peasants spent all their time tending to the crops of the lord's?

Answer 58

No, they spent much of their time growing crops for themselves and their families.

Question 59

What else did the peasants raise/produce?

Answer 59

They raised pigs, sheep and cattle for meat. And spun wool or linen fibers into threads.

Question 60

What other specialists lived on the manor?

Answer 60

Carpenters and blacksmiths

Question 61

Describe the characteristics of the lord's wife.

Answer 61

She ran the household and probably educated, learned Latin and her own language as well as music, astronomy, and herbal remedies.

Question 62

What was the names of the male official who kept the estates' accounts, served as judge when the lord was away, and collected taxes from the peasants which was often in the form of farm products?

Answer 62

Bailiff

Question 63

What were self-sufficient, unified and helped to bring order to Europe?

Answer 63

Manors

Question 64

What did manors usually include?

Answer 64

One or more villages with the surrounding fields and forests