6th - SS Chapter 8 Notes R

Question 0

The achievements of what dynasties can still be felt today?

Answer 0

Shang and Zhou

Question 1

China’s river valley civilization built a foundation of what type of culture?

Answer 1

An independent culture - it developed its own traditions and way of life because it was largely cut off from other civilizations.

Question 2

How did China’s geography affect its early civilization?

Answer 2

Its geographic features isolated ancient China from other early civilizations

Question 3

What were the achievements of the Shang dynasty?

Answer 3

Advanced bronze work and the development of writing

Question 4

How did China change during the Zhou dynasty?

Answer 4

1. Iron technology
2. population grew
3. new farm techniques
4. more food
5. cities grew
6. roads and canals were built
7. coins and chop sticks invented

Question 5

What new philosophies were introduced in China?

Answer 5

Confucianism and Daoism - the two that were influential in late Chinese history

Question 6

China’s development of civilization in early China was aided by what features?

Answer 6

Long rivers, fertile soils, temperature, climate and isolated valleys

Question 7

Where was the first civilization developed?

Answer 7

In river valleys

Question 8

What are the two major rivers that supported the ancient Chinese civilization?

Answer 8

Huang River, or Yellow River, and Chang River, or Yangtze River

Question 9

Both the Huang River and the Chang River follow from where to where?

Answer 9

Plateau of Tibet to the Yellow Sea

Question 10

Annual floods deposit rich soil called what?

Answer 10

Loess

Question 11

What is a particularly fertile valley?

Answer 11

Huang River valley

Question 12

Winds from the Gobi Desert blows a fine dustlike material into China. What is this material called?

Answer 12

Loess

Question 13

Most of eastern China is covered with fertile soil. What was the climate and crops were grown in southern China? What about northern China?

Answer 13

1. Southern China - warm, receives plenty of rain. Excellent for growing rice.
2. Northern China - cooler and drier. Excellent for growing grains, wheat, and millet

Question 14

What combination of things help China thrive?

Answer 14

Rivers for irrigation, fertile soil for planting and isolationism

Question 15

What protected China from invasion?

Answer 15

Mountains, hills and deserts

Question 16

What mountains separated southern China from India and the rest of Southern Asia?

Answer 16

Himalayas

Question 17

What desert separates China from the north?

Answer 17

Gobi

Question 18

What elements of geographic influenced life in early China?

Answer 18

Rivers deposited rich soil for farming, mountains, hills and desert isolated area.

Question 19

Archaeologists discoveries suggest that Chinese civilization started where?

Answer 19

The Huang River Valley

Question 20

When did people start growing crops?

Answer 20

8,000 years ago

Question 21

Legend says that China was ruled by whom?

Answer 21

The Xia dynasty - there no written archeological evidence that the Xia dynasty existed

Question 22

Most historians date the beginnings of the China’s civilization with which dynasty?

Answer 22

The Shang Dynasty

Question 23

According to ancient Chinese record, the Shang dynasty formed around when, although many archeologists believe it began somewhat later?

Answer 23

1766BC

Question 24

How long did the Shang Dynasty last?

Answer 24

600 years - from the 16th century BC to the 11th century

Question 25

China was ruled by what type of government?

Answer 25

Monarchy

Question 26

What was the name of the capital city during the Shang dynasty?

Answer 26

Anyang

Question 27

Name some characteristics of the Shang government.

Answer 27

1. King surrounded by court 2. Rituals performed to strengthen kingdom 3. Governors ruled distant parts of the kingdom 4. Had large army - prevented rebellions - fought outside opponents

Question 28

Shang China was largely based on what?

Answer 28

Agricultural - most people tended crops. Farmers who fought in army worked on building projects.

Question 29

What types of things were the Shang Elite (wealthy) able to do?

Answer 29

1. Had free time to pursue leisure activities such as hunting and sports 2. Ability to collect expensive bronze and jade objects

Question 30

Much of what is known about the Shang dynasty comes from what?

Answer 30

The study of royal objects - bronze and jade artifacts

Question 31

What were the afterlife beliefs of the Shang Dynasty?

Answer 31

1. Tombs hold remains of sacrifice prisoners of war | 2. Believed that the rich would need servants in afterlife

Question 32

What is the practices (including setting out meals to nourish them) of honoring the spirits of the dead called?

Answer 32

Ancestor Worship

Question 33

As part of worship of ancestors, people would seek advice from their ancestors. They would write questions on animal bone or turtle shells, heat them until they cracked and then interpret the cracks. What is this called?

Answer 33

Oracle bones

Question 34

Chinese writing is closely tied to what?

Answer 34

Oracle bones

Question 35

What brought an end to the Shang dynasty?

Answer 35

An invasion by the Zhou dynasty

Question 36

How did religion influence other aspects of Shang culture?

Answer 36

1. Ritual meals for dead ancestors 2. Oracle Bones connected to early writing 3. Bronze work for rituals 4. Built slab tombs

Question 37

When did the Zhou Dynasty defeat the Shang Dynasty?

Answer 37

1100BC

Question 38

The Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods. What are they?

Answer 38

1. Western rule - Zhou ruled from Anyang - the peaceful period 2. Eastern rule - Zhou ruled from Luoyang - conflicts arose

Question 39

Zhou leaders declared that their success proved they had heaven's support. In their view, heaven was the highest force of nature that gives dynasties the right to rule. What is this right to rule called?

Answer 39

Mandate of Heaven

Question 40

Why did Zhou dynasty said that they overthrew the Shang dynasty?

Answer 40

Because Shang dynasty had lost favor with the gods

Question 41

The Mandate of Heaven is also used to explain the rise and falls of dynasties or what?

Answer 41

Dynasties cycle

Question 42

If a dynasty lost its power, it was obvious that the dynasty had become what? And if that happened they said it was the will of whom that the dynasty be overthrown.

Answer 42

Corrupt; the gods

Question 43

What did the Zhou dynasty used in metalwork instead of bronze which was stronger and could be cast cheaper?

Answer 43

Iron

Question 44

What became the backbone of the Zhou dynasty?

Answer 44

Iron

Question 45

What things strengthen the Zhou dynasty's army?

Answer 45

1. Iron weapons such as the catapult | 2. Creation of China's first Calvary

Question 46

The population grew under a he Zhou dynasty. What are some things that helped this?

Answer 46

1. Farmers learned new techniques to increase the size of the harvest - creating a food surplus 2. Roads and canals allowed for better transportation and communications

Question 47

Conflict arose during the later part of the Zhou dynasty. Over time clan leaders, from the expanding lands, within China rose up against the king. What did this cause?

Answer 47

The Zhou dynasty king's power to decrease

Question 48

During what period did a number of small states being fighting with each other for land and power?

Answer 48

403BC to 221BC

Question 49

The Zhou dynasty still was mainly in control but it's power was almost weakened to nonexistent by when?

Answer 49

The mid 200BC

Question 50

What caused many Chinese thinkers to question the nature of society and peoples role in it?

Answer 50

The conflicts during the Zhou dynasty

Question 51

Effort to make sense of the chaos, lead to what?

Answer 51

The creation of many new philosophies - ways of looking at the world

Question 52

What was the new dynasty that arose to bring an end to the Warring States Period of the Zhou dynasty?

Answer 52

Quin dynasty

Question 53

What is based on the teachings of a scholar who believed people should respect one another?

Answer 53

Confucianism

Question 54

What was the scholar's name who believed in Confucianism?

Answer 54

Kongfuzi, better known as Confucius

Question 55

What philosophy taught that one should express love and respect for others and should honor ones ancestors?

Answer 55

Confucianism

Question 56

What philosophy believed the following: that love and respect had disappeared and was responsible for the violence. And that restoring respect for others would make society stable?

Answer 56

Confucianism

Question 57

What was the name of the collection of Confucius teachings (thoughts) on how to improve society?

Answer 57

Analects

Question 58

What does Analects said about the relationship between ruler and subject?

Answer 58

Ruler should treat subjects fairly and subjects should reward ruler with respect and loyalty.

Question 59

What does Analects said about the relationship between people?

Answer 59

People should respect members of family and devote themselves to public service

Question 60

Where did Confucianism spread?

Answer 60

Elsewhere in Asia, Korea, Japan and Vietnam

Question 61

What philosophy emphasizes a retreat from the laws of society (emphasizes a simple and natural existence)?

Answer 61

Daoism

Question 62

What is the heart of Daoism?

Answer 62

The concept of the Dao - the limitless force that is part of creation (the natural way of the universe).

Question 63

What philosophy believed that finding one's place in nature allows them to be one with the universe?

Answer 63

Daoism

Question 64

Daoism embraced the Chinese concept of what which represents the balancing aspects of nature?

Answer 64

Yen and Yang (male/female, dark/light and hot/cold)

Question 65

Many Chinese thinkers believed that balance between what is the key to harmony in the universe?

Answer 65

Yin and Yang

Question 66

What can not exist without the other?

Answer 66

Yin and Yang

Question 67

Who is attributed with the origins of Daoism?

Answer 67

A man named Laozi

Question 68

What book, made up of mostly poems, was written by Laozi?

Answer 68

Dao De Jing

Question 69

How did some people treat Laozi?

Answer 69

Many worshipped him as a god

Question 70

What are some of the lasting affects of Daoism?

Answer 70

1. Still played a major role in later dynasties 2. Idea of balance key concept in China for centuries 3. Lead many followers to work for preservation

Question 71

What was one difference between Confucianism and Daoism?

Answer 71

Confucianism - improve society Daoism - retreat from society