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Year 1 > B4 W3 > Flashcards

B4 W3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Systemic lupus

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity caused by DNA autotantigens and failure to clear apoptotic cells. It stimulates anti-DNA antibodies which causes systemic tissue damage

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2
Q

Excess platelets in the blood

A

Essential thrombocythemia caused by JAK 2 mutation

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3
Q

Excess RBC due to reduced plasma volume caused by vomiting

A

Relative polycythaemia

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4
Q

IgE allergic reaction due to dust, pollen or dander.

A

Asthma. Causes bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and mucus production

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5
Q

Hypersensitivity caused by anti-DNA antibody production

A

Type 3

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6
Q

Effect of mast cell degranulation on eyes and airways

A

Constriction of eye/decreased diameter, swelling, mucus secretion and congestion

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7
Q

Type of hypersensitivity caused by Haemolytic disease of newborn.

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity- Rhesus

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8
Q

Histamine reaction which causes raised red whelts due to vascular permeability increase

A

Urticaria: type 1 hypersensitivty

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9
Q

Cause of polycythaemia

A

Mutation in EPOR

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10
Q

Coeliac’s disease

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity which causes villi atrophy in the small intestine and malabsorption

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11
Q

Autoimmunity causes

A

Molecular mimicry, protein changes cryptic antigens, superantigens, bystander activation

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12
Q

T cells involved in allergy

A

TH2 cells

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13
Q

Proteins produced by micro-organisms or virally infected cells which activate a large number of T lymphocytes

A

Superantigens

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14
Q

Breathing difficulties, red colouring, excess bleeding, splenomegaly, itchiness

A

Polycythaemia

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15
Q

Vaccine hypersensitivity

A

Arthus reaction- type 3 hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease

A

Primary immunodeficieny. Genetic disorder affecting platelet interaction with pathogens and compromises the phagocyte oxidase system

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17
Q

Hypersensitivity where antigens are insect venom and cause skin swelling like erythema and dermatitis

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity involved in graft rejection

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18
Q

Immune complex deposition in the kidneys

A

Glomerular nephritis

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19
Q

Released by mast cells in type 1 hypersensitivity to cause bronchoconstriction and chemotaxis of eosinophils and neutrophils

A

Leukotrienes

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20
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

Cancer which causes scar tissue forming in the one marrow which may progress to leukemia

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21
Q

Cancer of the plasma cells, which affects antibody production

A

Myeloma

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22
Q

Cancer of lymph system

A

Lymphoma

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23
Q

Depleted white blood cell count

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A

Leukocytopenia

24
Q

Agranulocytosis and neutropenia

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A

Causes of leukocytopenia

25
Type 3 hypersensitivity with purpuric patches due to antivenom
Serum sickness
26
Prostaglandin effects
Vasodilation, vascular permeability, broncho and gut constriction
27
Sensitisation involves T cell...
Dendritic cells present to naive T cells which become TH2 cells and induces B cell production of IgE. This causes allergy.
28
Memory cell excluding B cell for sensitisation
Th2 cell
29
Type of hypersensitivity of myasthenia gravis
Type 2 hypersensitivity
30
T cell involved in allergy
Th2 cell
31
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Type 4 hypersensitivity occurring 24-72 hours after infection. Dendritic cells induce production of Th1 . Examples include graft rejection during organ donation.
32
Secondary polycythaemia in newborns due to RBC transfusion
Neonatal polycythaemia
33
Disorders involving RBC and platelets
Myeloproliferative neoplasm
34
Polycythemia caused by JAK-2 mutation
Primary polycythaemia
35
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Cancer of blood and bone marrow which affects WBC due to over immune response
36
How eczema becomes from acute -> chronic
From Th2 response -> Th1 response
37
Cytokine from epithelia causing skin itching in eczema
Thymic stromal lymphopoeitin
38
Low RBC, High platelets and WBC
Idiopathic Myelofibrosis- a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm which is a bone marrow cancer where there is an excess production of certain formed elements
39
Asymptomatic, abdomen discomfort due to splenomegaly, patches, haemorrhage or thrombosis and may progress to myelofibrosis and leukemia
Essential thrombocythaemia- due to JAK 2 mutation. JAK2 is responsible for proliferation of RBC, WBC and platelets
40
Barrier dysfunction of protein bound to keratin in eczema
Filaggrin
41
Arthritis hypersensitivity
Type 3
42
Type 2 hypersensitivity with increased thyroid hormone production
Graves disease
43
Autoimmunity where self proteins are classed as foreign or proteins which were shielded are exposed
Cryptic antigen
44
JAK 2 Mutation
Affects the auto-inhibitory domain which allows receptor phosphorylation for signal transduction without ligand binding. Responsible for thrombocythemia, polycythaemia,
45
T cells involved in immune tolerance
T reg cells
46
Secondary polycythaemia caused by tumour
EPO secreting tumour, renal cell carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma
47
Loss of immune functioning due to illness or treatment
Secondary immunodeficiency
48
Effects of histamine
Gut bronchoconstriction, parietal cell secretion of gastric acid and vasodilation to cause oedema and skin itching
49
Late response
Part of type 1 hypersensitivity- Eosinophils release peroxidase and cause tissue damage
50
Goodpasture syndrome
Type 2 hypersensitivity of IgG recognition of collagen in kidney basement membrane
51
Hypersensitivity mediated by IgM or IgG which causes cytotoxicity via complement activation or antibody
Type 2 hypersensitivity
52
Tryptase
Released in mast cell degranulation which activates complement system
53
Processing of self-antigens which leads to epitope spreading towards other self antigens
Bystander activation
54
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Adrenaline/noradrenaline
55
Effect of vasodilation on lymphatic system
Fluid oedema occurs which overexhausts the lymphatic system

Year 1 (191 decks)

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