block 6 W4

Question 1

Organic causes of psychosis

Answer 1

-> Medications: anti-Parkinson’s, cardiac meds like beta blockers and digoxin, corticosteroids
-> Autoimmune conditions like encephalitis
-> Endocrine: Thyroid and parathyroid issues and endocrine
-> Tumours
-> Infection like HIV,, Lyme disease, meningitis
-> Neurological conditions like Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Motor neurone disease

Question 2

Tuberous sclerosis

Answer 2

Benign tumours develop in different parts of the body due to autosomal dominant condition. It can be detected in the skin as macular hypopigmentation. Associated with epilepsy and autism.

Question 3

Reaction formation

Answer 3

Psychoanalytic defence mechanism-expression of the opposite of disturbing ideas

Question 4

Measure of attachment for 1-2 year olds

Answer 4

Strange situation procedure

Question 5

Measure of attachment for 3-6 year old

Answer 5

Story stem assessments

Question 6

Aspects of learning disabilities

Answer 6

Impaired adaptive behaviours, social functioning, reading, writing, intelligence, IQ, self-care

Question 7

Kinaesthetic intelligence

Answer 7

Intelligence expressed and felt physically and hands on work

Question 8

Adler’s theory

Answer 8

We strive for superiority due to an inferiority complex

Question 9

L-data

Answer 9

Life-record data like school grades, absence from work

Question 10

Pre-natal factors for psychosis

Answer 10

Premature births, unwanted pregnancy, maternal influenza, rubella, malnutrition

Question 11

Mild IQ disability

Answer 11

50-70 score with reasonable independence

Question 12

Is Schizophrenia attributed to alcohol or drug intoxication?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Is Schizophrenia attributed to organic brain disease?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

How long must at least 2 symptoms occur for schizophrenia to be diagnosed?

Answer 14

1 month

Question 15

Parent-child psychosocial therapy

Answer 15

Focuses on parental understanding of child’s behaviour, perception of child and ther own childhood experiences

Question 16

Social cognitive theory

Answer 16

Emphasises the role of learning and environment in personality development. Includes the theory of locus control

Question 17

Home-visiting programmes

Answer 17

Attachment based intervention which supports positive parent-child interaction using role-modelling

Question 18

Endocrine organic disease that can cause psychosis

Answer 18

Thyroid and hyperparathyroid issues, adrenal disorder

Question 19

Infective cause of psychosis

Answer 19

HIV, lyme disease and meningitis

Question 20

Phenylketonuria

Answer 20

Metabolic cause of learning disability. Autosomal recessive condition caused by absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase causing build up of phenylalanine leading to microencephaly

Question 21

Displacement

Answer 21

Psychoanalytic defence mechanism-expression of the opposite of disturbing ideas

Question 22

Learning disabilities-considerations

Answer 22

Reduced life expectancy, die by indifference, increased incidence of mental disorder

Question 23

Personality disorders

Answer 23

Issues with interpersonal relationships like co-operation and maintaining, worse physical health, higher risk of developing other mental health conditions

Question 24

Avolition

Answer 24

Lack of will

Question 25

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 25

Causes infection in birds and mammals which causes brain damage and jaundice in babies

Question 26

Schizophrenia effect on the brain

Answer 26

Increased ventricular volume, decreased cortex volume

Question 27

Jung theory

Answer 27

There is a personal vs collective unconscious and a balance between introversion and extroversion

Question 28

Criticism of OCEAN big five personality

Answer 28

Does not comment on personality development, poor predictor of future behaviour

Question 29

Early intervention of psychosis

Answer 29

Cost effective and open referral,

Question 30

Sublimation

Answer 30

Psychoanalytic defence mechanism- Channelling impulses into a socially acceptable outlet

Question 31

Cluster B personality disorder

Answer 31

Dramatic, emotional, narcissistic, impulsive

Question 32

Where is passivity related to in the brain in schizophrenia?

Answer 32

Cingulate gyrus

Question 33

Diagnostic overshadowing

Answer 33

Physical needs are not addressed in patients with learning disabilities

Question 34

Autoimmune cause of psychosis

Answer 34

Encephalitis

Question 35

Cluster A personality disorder

Answer 35

Schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid, odd, eccentric

Question 36

Infectious cause of learning disability

Answer 36

Toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus

Question 37

Cluster C

Answer 37

Patient is anxious, fearful, avoidant and OCD disorder

Question 38

Side effects of clozapine

Answer 38

Hyperlactation, weight gain, seizures, agranulocytosis

Question 39

Theories of personality

Answer 39

Psychodynamic, humanisitic, trait, social-cognitive

Question 40

Humanistic theory

Answer 40

People have free will, want to do good, achieve self actualisation and perception and understanding of reality is most important

Question 40

Which area of the brain is associated with auditory hallucinations in Schizophrenia?

Answer 40

Broca's area

Question 41

Disorganised attachment

Answer 41

Seek out comfort but fears close proximity, contradictory behaviours, dysregulated in presence of caregiver

Question 42

Prevalence of psychosis

Answer 42

Men, urban areas, migrants, earlier onset with younger age and genetics

Question 43

Early childhood factors for psychosis

Answer 43

Left-right dominance, late milestones, lateral language development

Question 44

Parental sensitivity and behaviour training

Answer 44

Behavioural management and improve quality of parenting

Question 45

Eyesenck's three factor theory

Answer 45

Introversion vs extroversion, emotional stability vs neuroticism, impulse control vs psychosis

Question 46

Timeframe for antipsychotic prescribing

Answer 46

1-2 years

Question 47

Neonatal causes of psychosis

Answer 47

Low birth weight, hypoxia, structural brain abnormalities

Question 48

Acute and transient psychotic disorder

Answer 48

Complete recovery within a few months, not caused by drugs or organic cause. Onset of 2 weeks.

Question 49

Side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 49

Sedation, weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia, QTC prolongation, involuntary movement

Question 50

Cattell's 16 personality factors

Answer 50

Trait theory of personality which uses L-data, Q-data and T-data to form personality

Question 51

Q-data

Answer 51

16PF to rate an individual's personality

Question 52

T-data

Answer 52

Objective test to find personality construct

Question 53

Dopamine

Answer 53

Mediates attachment of salience to ideas and objects- hyperactivity causes salience to unimportant stimuli with delusions in schizophrenia

Question 54

Second gen antipsychotics

Answer 54

Less extrapyramidal side effects but significant cardiometabolic side effect

Question 55

Which factors are impaired in learning disability?

Answer 55

Intelligence, adaptive behaviours and social functioning

Question 56

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 56

Conflict with childhood experience, pleasure seeking impulses and social demands

Question 57

Roger's theory of personality

Answer 57

Humanistic theory around our self concept and we need postivie regard and change our behaviour to get this. Idea of a fully functioning person open to new experiences

Question 58

Social treatment of psychosis

Answer 58

Housing, employment, education support, social connections