Biology Exam 1 Study Guide (Ch. 29 & 30)

Question 1

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?
A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaveh
B) loss of structures that produce spores
C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves
D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells

Answer 1

A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaveh

Question 2

(Figure) The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
In the figure, the process labeled “6” involves ________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) fertilization
D) binary fission

Answer 2

A) mitosis

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct regarding stomata?
A) They occur in all plants and define them as a monophyletic group.
B) They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss.
C) They occur in all plants and are the same as pores.
D) They open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange.

Answer 3

B) They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss.

Question 4

Which of the following is a common feature among liverworts, hornworts, and mosses?
A) They are all wind pollinated.
B) They are heterosporous.
C) They are pollinated by animals.
D) They require standing water for reproduction.

Answer 4

D) They require standing water for reproduction.

Question 5

Which of the following is a similarity between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?
A) Plants in both groups have vascular tissue.
B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
C) The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte.
D) Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves.

Answer 5

B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is present in a bryophyte at some point in their life cycles?
A) microphylls
B) true roots
C) true leaves
D) sporangia

Answer 6

D) sporangia

Question 7

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the structure of a fern?
A) the sporophyte generation is smaller in size than the gametophyte generation
B) sporangia are found on the gametophyte
C) ferns contain no vascular tissue
D) sporangia are found on the sporophylls

Answer 7

D) sporangia are found on the sporophylls

Question 8

A biology student hiking in a forest discovers a 15-centimeter-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobili at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. Which of the following chemicals are most likely to be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?
A) sporopollenin
B) phenolics
C) waxes
D) terpenes

Answer 8

A) sporopollenin

Question 9

A sample of mosses and ferns comprises which of the following?
A) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations
B) only vascular plants
C) both nonvascular and seed-bearing plants
D) both seedless and seed-bearing plants

Answer 9

A) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations

Question 10

Microphylls are found in which plant group?
A) lycophytes
B) liverworts
C) ferns
D) hornworts

Answer 10

A) lycophytes

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes the colonization of terrestrial habitat by plants?

Answer 11

It occurred in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil.

Question 12

In plants, which of the following is a benefit of retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte?

Answer 12

It allows it to be nourished by the parent plant

Question 13

In which of the following structures of a plant are spiral meristems found?

Answer 13

In both roots and shoots

Question 14

What plants are related to land plants the most?

Answer 14

Charophytes

Question 15

What is the main source that plants supply?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

What traits are present in almost all plants but NOT in charophytes?

Answer 16

Alternation of generation, walled spores produced in sporangia, and apical meristems

Question 17

What is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat?

Answer 17

Seed

Question 18

Why are plants called Embryophytes

Answer 18

Because of the nurturing of the young embryo sporophyte during the early stages of its multicellular development within the tissues of the parent gametophyte

Question 19

What refers to naked seed?

Answer 19

Gymnosperms

Question 20

How are Bryophytes best described?

Answer 20

Most dominant use of gametophytes

Question 21

Which is the most abundant plant type?

Answer 21

Seed plants

Question 22

Gametophytes supplies what to the sporophyte?

Answer 22

Sugars, amino acids, and minerals

Question 23

What multicellular diploid produces haploid spores by meiosis?

Answer 23

Sporophyte

Question 24

What Bryophyte matches phylum Anthocerophyta?

Answer 24

Bryophytes

Question 25

The ________ is a waxy covering of the epidermis that reduces water loss.

Answer 25

Cuticle

Question 26

Which is NOT a benefit that the move to land provided plants?

Answer 26

More structural support

Question 27

What are the multicellular organs that produce spores in sporophytes called?

Answer 27

Sporangia

Question 28

Which is not a derived trait of plants?

Answer 28

Lack of roots

Question 29

What group of plants are humans most dependent on?

Answer 29

Seed plants

Question 30

A cuticle’s function is:

Answer 30

to help reduce water loss in plants

Question 31

Which is FALSE about protonema?

Answer 31

They are brown with a brown and branch-like

Question 32

Monilophytes include all of the following except:

Answer 32

club mosses

Question 33

What is not true of sporophylls?

Answer 33

Sori are modified leaves with sporangia

Question 34

What pair hold a bryophyte's egg and sperm?

Answer 34

Archegonia & Antheridia

Question 35

What vascular system is coated in lignin polymer and aids in the transport of water?

Answer 35

Xylem

Question 36

What are the two clades of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 36

Phylum Lycophyta and Phylum Monilophyta

Question 37

All seeds plants and some seedless vascular plants are

Answer 37

Heterosporous

Question 38

What produces megasporangia?

Answer 38

Megasporophylls

Question 39

What is “peat moss” also known as?

Answer 39

Sphagnum

Question 40

In spruces and pines, which of the following is an advantage of having needlelike leaves? A) increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis B) increased surface area, increasing gas exchange C) decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss

Answer 40

D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss

Question 41

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, which of the following develops before the others after fertilization occurs? A) megaspore B) sporophyte embryo C) egg cell D) female gametophyte

Answer 41

A) megaspore

Question 42

Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle most directly produces the integument of a pine seed? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer 42

D) female sporophyte

Question 43

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus? A) 8 B) 16 C) 24 D) 32

Answer 43

C) 24

Question 44

Which of the following structures directly produces the fruit of angiosperms? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer 44

D) female sporophyte

Question 45

The evolution of vascular tissue in plants facilitated which of the following changes?

Answer 45

The ability to grow taller.

Question 46

Which of the following symbiotic relationships would most likely allow bryophytes to live successfully in a bare, moist area?

Answer 46

A symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

Question 47

The evolution of a vascular system in plants allowed which of the following characteristics and processes to occur?

Answer 47

Increased height, improved competition for light, and increased spore dispersal distances.

Question 48

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to seed-producing plants?

Answer 48

Pollen

Question 49

Which of the following functions as an advantage of seeds compared to spores?

Answer 49

Containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte

Question 50

One day, you go outside and see that the cars on the street are covered in yellow “dust”. Which of the following statements can be correctly applied to this “dust”?

Answer 50

The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a floral organ?

Answer 51

Angiosperm

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a monocot characteristic?

Answer 52

Pollen grain with three openings

Question 53

How are spores developed to produce a female gametophyte?

Answer 53

Megasporophylls bear megasporangia that produce megaspores.

Question 54

What type of gametophyte is enclosed within the pollen wall?

Answer 54

Male gametophyte

Question 55

Which of the three genera of the phyla Phylum Gnetophyta is often found in the desert?

Answer 55

Welwitschia

Question 56

What are NOT the characteristics of monocots?

Answer 56

Floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 57

What do megasporophyll’s produce?

Answer 57

Megasporangia that bear female gametophytes

Question 58

What is a mechanism flowers have to ensure cross-pollination?

Answer 58

The stamens and carpels mature at different times

Question 59

Which of the following sex and generation combination produces megasporangia of pine ovules?

Answer 59

Female sporophyte

Question 60

What is the importance of mosses?

Answer 60

Form peat; retain NO2

Question 61

Which of the following is most closely related to seed plants lycophytes or pterophytes?

Answer 61

Pterophyte

Question 62

Which is not heterosporous?

Answer 62

Ferns

Question 63

All of the following are a floral organ EXCEPT:

Answer 63

anther

Question 64

What area did Gymnosperms dominate terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 64

Mesozoic era

Question 65

What are two key adaptations of angiosperms?

Answer 65

Flowers and fruit

Question 66

Having fleshy seed produced by female trees that smell rancid can be best described by which phylum?

Answer 66

Ginkgophyta

Question 67

Which part of a flower is the female reproductive organ?

Answer 67

Carpels

Question 68

Angiosperms key adaptations include:

Answer 68

male and female gametophytes are developed in Flowers

Question 69

What Phylum does not belong to the Gymnosperm?

Answer 69

Hepatophyta

Question 70

How many integuments do the Gymnosperms have?

Answer 70

They have one

Question 71

How many integuments do the Angiosperms have?

Answer 71

Two

Question 72

What does a pollen grain consist of?

Answer 72

Male gametophytes enclosed within the pollen wall

Question 73

Which of these is NOT true about seeds?

Answer 73

Short-lived

Question 74

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

Answer 74

Within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

Question 75

Which of the following arranges the structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm?

Answer 75

Carpel, ovary, ovule, embryo sac, egg

Question 76

Which of the following structures in an angiosperm is triploid?

Answer 76

Endosperm