Chapter 32: Animal Diversity Summary

Question 1

Groups of similar cells that act as functional unit

Answer 1

Tissues

Question 2

Multicellular eukaryotes

Answer 2

Animals

Question 3

A succession of cell division without growth between divisions

Answer 3

Cleavage

Question 4

Cleavage lads to formation of a _________, often in the room of a hollow ball of cells

Answer 4

Blastula

Question 5

The blastula undergoes ___________; forming a gastrula

Answer 5

Gastrulation

Question 6

Formed during gastrulation with different layers of embryonic tissues

Answer 6

Gastrula

Question 7

Is sexually immature and morphologically and behaviorally distinct from the adult stage

Answer 7

Larva

Question 8

After this process, larvae become juvenile that resemble adults but are sexually immature

Answer 8

Metamorphosis

Question 9

Unique family of regulatory genes of animals

Answer 9

Hox genes

Question 10

Bilaterally symmetrical form

Answer 10

Bilaterians

Question 11

Complete digestive tract

Answer 11

Bilaterians

Question 12

Efficient digestive system with a mouth and anus at opposite ends

Answer 12

Bilaterians

Question 13

Often sessile or planktonic (drifting or weakly swimming)

Answer 13

Radial symmetry

Question 14

Lack symmetry

Answer 14

Sponges

Question 15

Move actively and have a CNS

Answer 15

Bilateral animals

Question 16

Body parts arranged around a single central axis

Answer 16

Radial symmetry

Question 17

Imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images

Answer 17

Radial symmetry

Question 18

Body parts are arranged around 2 axes of orientation (head-tail and dorsal-ventral)

Answer 18

Bilateral symmetry

Question 19

Only 1 imaginary slice divides the animal into mirror image halves, right and left side

Answer 19

Bilateral symmetry

Question 20

Covers the body’s surface

Answer 20

Ectoderm

Question 21

Outer covering and CNS

Answer 21

Ectoderm

Question 22

Innermost layer

Answer 22

Endoderm

Question 23

Lines the archenteron

Answer 23

Endoderm

Question 24

Blind pouch that will form the gut

Answer 24

Archenteron

Question 25

Lining of the digestive tract and organs

Answer 25

Endoderm

Question 26

Cnidarians are an example of this kind of animal

Answer 26

Diploblastic

Question 27

Have only endoderm and ectoderm

Answer 27

Diploblastic animals

Question 28

Bilaterally symmetrical animals are an example of

Answer 28

Triploblastic animals

Question 29

Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Answer 29

Triploblastic animals

Question 30

Fills the space between ectoderm and endoderm

Answer 30

Mesoderm

Question 31

Gives rise to muscles and most organs

Answer 31

Mesoderm

Question 32

Contain a body cavity

Answer 32

Triploblastic animals

Question 33

A fluid- or air-filled space between the digestive tract and the outer body wall

Answer 33

Body cavity

Question 34

Cushions and suspends organs

Answer 34

Internal fluid

Question 35

Body cavity surrounded by tissue derived from mesoderm

Answer 35

Coelom

Question 36

Body cavity formed between the mesoderm and endoderm

Answer 36

Hemocoel

Question 37

A fluid in Hemocoel that transports nutrients and waste throughout the body cavity

Answer 37

Hemolymph

Question 38

Spiral cleavage and determinate cleavage

Answer 38

Protostome development

Question 39

Radial and indeterminate cleavage

Answer 39

Deuterostome development

Question 40

The planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo

Answer 40

Spiral cleavage

Question 41

Rigidly determines the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early

Answer 41

Determinate cleavage

Question 42

The planes of division are either parallel or perpendicular to the embryo’s vertical axis

Answer 42

Redial cleavage

Question 43

Each cell produced by early cleavage is able to form a complete embryo

Answer 43

Indeterminate cleavage

Question 44

Splitting of solid masses of mesoderm forms the coelom

Answer 44

Protostome development

Question 45

Mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron to form the coelom

Answer 45

Deuterostome development

Question 46

An indentation in the gastrula that leads to the formation of the archenteron

Answer 46

Blastopore

Question 47

Blastopore becomes the mouth

Answer 47

Protostome development

Question 48

Blastopore become the anus

Answer 48

Deuterostome development

Question 49

“True animals”; all animals except for sponges and few other belong to

Answer 49

Eumetazoans

Question 50

Most bilaterians are

Answer 50

Invertebrates

Question 51

What are the 3 clades of Bilaterians

Answer 51

Deuterostomia Ecdysozoans Lophotrochozoa

Question 52

A crown of ciliated tentacles used for feeding

Answer 52

Lophophore

Question 53

Developmental stage in molluscs and annelids

Answer 53

Trochophore larva