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Biology 2 > Chatper 33: Slide 125-Pt. B 55 > Flashcards

Chatper 33: Slide 125-Pt. B 55 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

This phylum includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopi and squid

A

Mollusca

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2
Q

Where do Molluscs live?

A

Marine, fresh water, and terrestrial

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3
Q

Soft bodies of many species are surrounded by a protective calcium carbonate shell

A

Mollusca

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4
Q

What three mollusca have a reduced internal shell?

A

Slugs, squids and octopi

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the molluscs body plan?

A

Foot, visceral mass, and mantle

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6
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca is usually used for movement

A

Muscular foot

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7
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca contains most of the internal organs

A

Visceral mass

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8
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca is a fold of tissue draping over the visceral mass that secretes the shell

A

Mantle

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9
Q

Molluscs have a water-filled ________ ________ that house the gills, anus, and excretory pores

A

Mantle cavity

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10
Q

In mollusca, many feed using a strap like ________ to scrape up food

A

Radula

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11
Q

Most molluscs have separate ______, but many snails are _________________

A

Sexes; hermaphrodites

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12
Q

Many molluscs have a ciliated larval stage called

A

The trochophore

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13
Q

There are 8 clades of molluscs, the major 4 are

A
  • Polyplacophora (chitons)
  • Gastropoda (snails and slugs)
  • Bivalvia (calms, oysters, and other bivalves)
  • Cephalopoda (squids, octopi, cuttlefish, and chambered nautiluses)
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14
Q

About 3/4 of molluscs are

A

Gastropods

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15
Q

Move slowly using cilia or by a rippling motion of the foot

A

Gastropods

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16
Q

Where do Gastropods live

A

Marine, freshwater and terrestrial

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17
Q

Are marine animals with oval-shaped bodies and a shell made of 8 dorsal plates

A

Chitons

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18
Q

The ________ in a chiton, is used to grip and creep slowly along rock

A

Foot

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19
Q

In chiton, what is used to scrape algae off the surface

A

Radula

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20
Q

Gastropods have a single, spiraled shell that protects them from _________, _____________, and ___________

A

Injury, dehydration, and predation

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21
Q

Most are herbivores, but some species use modified radula to feed on prey

A

Gastropods

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22
Q

Have a head with eyes at the tips of tentacles

A

Gastropods

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23
Q

Terrestrial snails lack _______; they use the lining of the _________ ________ for gas exchange with the air

A

Gills; mantle cavity

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24
Q

Are all aquatic and include many species of clams, oysters, muscles and scallops

A

Bivalves

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25
Have a shell divided into two hinged halves drawn together by adductor muscles
Bivalves
26
Have no distinct head or radula
Bivalves
27
Some have eyes and sensory tentacles along the edge of their mantle
Bivalves
28
Bivalve _______ are housed inside the mantle cavity
Gills
29
What are the gills is bivalves used for?
Suspension feeding and gas exchange
30
In bivalves, water enters the mantle cavity through the incurrent ________ and leaves through an _______ siphon
Siphon; excurrent
31
Most species of bivalves are ________ and anchored to the substrate, but some have limited ___________
Sedentary; mobility
32
Are active marine predators with beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles
Cephalopods
33
They immobilize prey using a poison in their saliva
Cephalopods
34
In cephalopods, the _______ is modified into a muscular _________ siphon and part of the tentacles
Foot; excurrent
35
In cephalopods, water is drawn into the _______ _________ and shot out through the ________ siphon for rapid movement
Mantle cavity; excurrent
36
The shell in cephalopods is ________ and internal or missing
Reduced
37
The shell is reduced in most cephalopods except
Chambered nautiluses
38
Are the only molluscs with a closed circulatory system
Cephalopods
39
Have well-developed sense organs, and a complex brain
Cephalopods
40
Shelled cephalopods
Ammonites
41
Once the dominant invertebrate predators of the sea
Ammonites
42
Segmented worms
Annelids
43
Where do Annelids live?
Marine, freshwater, and damp soil habitats
44
Have coelom but no Hemocoel
Annelids
45
What are the 3 traditional clades of Annelids
Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea
46
What are the 2 clades of Annelida
Errantia and Sedentaria
47
Which clade of Annelida is a large and diverse, mostly marine?
Errantia
48
Which clade of Annelida are mobile swimmers, crawlers, or borrowers; others are relatively immobile tube-dwellers
Errantia
49
Errantians have well-developed ________ used for predation or grazing on multicellular algae
Jaws
50
Errantians have a pair of paddle- or ridge-like ___________ on each body segment
Parapodia
51
In Errantians, ___________ are used for locomotion, and as gills in many species
Parapodia
52
In Errantians, each parapodium has numerous ________, bristles made of _______
Chaetae; chitin
53
Which clade of Annelids tend to be less mobile
Sedentarians
54
Where do Sedentarians live?
Burrow slowly in substrate; protective tubes
55
What type of Sedentarians often filter feed using gills or tentacles?
Tube-dwellers
56
Earth worms and leeches are included in their clade
Sedentarians
57
This type of Sedentarians are predators of invertebrates; some are blood sucking parasites of vertebrates
Leeches
58
What do leeches secrete that prevents coagulation in their prey
Hirudin
59
They are valued for their role in tilling, aerating, and improving the texture of agricultural soils
Earthworms
60
Are hermaphrodites that cross-fertilize by joining in opposite direction to exchange sperm
Earthworms
61
Reproduce asexually by fragmentation and regeneration
Earthworms
62
This group are the most species-rich animal group
Ecdysozoans
63
Animals with a cuticle
Ecdysozoans
64
A tough external coat
Cuticle
65
The cuticle of Ecdysozoans is shed during _________, or molting
Ecdysis
66
_____________ and ___________ are the largest of about 8 Ecdysozoans phyla
Nematodes; arthropods
67
Roundworms
Nematodes
68
Which phyla of Ecdysozoans have cylindrical bodies tapered at the ends and covered by a cuticle
Nematodes
69
Nematodes have an ___________ canal, but lack a __________ system
Alimentary; circulatory
70
In Nematodes, nutrients are transported by fluid in the _________
Hemocoel
71
In _____________, the body wall muscles are all longitudinal and their ___________ produces a trashing motion
Nematodes; contraction
72
Where do nematodes live?
Moist soils and a the bottoms of lakes and oceans
73
Nematodes includes many _________ of plants and animals, including humans
Parasites
74
Trichinella spiralis
Nematode
75
2 of every 3 known species are
Arthropods
76
The arthropod body plan consists of a ______________ body, hard ___________, and jointed _______________
Segmented; exoskeleton; appendages
77
Arthropod appendages have become modified for walking, ____________, sensory reception, ____________, and defense
Feeding; reproduction
78
In Arthropods, modified ____________ are jointed and come in pairs
Appendages
79
Exoskeleton made of layers of protein and the polysaccharide chitin, covers the entire body
Cuticle
80
The rigid exoskeleton of arthropods, provides __________ and point of attachment for _________
Protection; muscles
81
In arthropods, the __________ must be shed for growth to occur
Exoskeleton
82
Evolution of the exoskeleton in arthropods reduces _______ _______ and prevents ______________
Water loss; desiccation
83
Evolution of the exoskeleton in ____________ provides _____________ support without the _________ of water
Arthropods; structural; buoyancy
84
What 3 things in arthropods function in both touch and smell?
Eyes, olfactory receptors, and antennae
85
In Arthropods, the ___________ ______________ system uses a heart to pump _________ into the cavity surrounding the tissues and organs (the _______)
Open circulatory; Hemolymph; Hemocoel
86
In ____________, a variety of specialized gas exchange organs have evolved to ___________ the exoskeleton
Arthropods; circumvent
87
Aquatic ____________ species have _______ with feathery extensions to maximize __________ exposed to the water
Arthropod; gills; surface
88
Terrestrial Arthropod species have _________ surfaces specialized for gas exchange, such as the ________ ________ system
Internal; insect tracheal
89
Living arthropods consists of 3 major lineages
Chelicerates, myriapods, and pancrustaceans
90
Which lineages of Arthropods include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders?
Chelicerates
91
Which lineage of Arthropods includes centipedes and millipedes?
Myriapods
92
Which lineage of Arthropods includes insects, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and other crustaceans?
Pancrustaceans

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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