Chapter 31: Fungi Pt. 2

Question 1

Name the 7 groups of Fungi

Answer 1

Cryptomycetes, Microsporidians, Chytrids, Zoopagomycetes, Mucoromycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes

Question 2

Molds in this group include important decomposers

Answer 2

Mucoromycetes

Question 3

Many others in Mucoromycetes live as ________, pathogens, or __________ with plants

Answer 3

Parasites, mutualisms

Question 4

For Mucoromycetes, fusion between mycelia of different mating types (__________) produces a _____________

Answer 4

Plasmogamy; Zygosporangium

Question 5

Nuclei fusion

Answer 5

Karyogamy

Question 6

________ ________ and then meiosis occur within the Zygosporangium

Answer 6

Nuclei fusion

Question 7

“Black bread mold”; is fairly typical of Mucoromycetes

Answer 7

Rhizopus stolonifer

Question 8

_________ hyphae spread and penetrate the surface, absorbing nutrients from the rotting food

Answer 8

Coenocytic

Question 9

_________ develop at the tips of upright hyphae, and asexually produce hundreds of air-dispersed spores

Answer 9

Sporangia

Question 10

____________ are metabolically inactive and resistant to freezing and drying

Answer 10

Zygosporangia

Question 11

Sporangium release genetically diverse ________ spores

Answer 11

Haploid

Question 12

Some Mucoromycetes, such as __________, can “aim” and shoot their sporangia toward bright light

Answer 12

Pilobolus

Question 13

Phylum Mucoromycota also includes an arbuscular mycorrhizae-forming clade of fungi called

Answer 13

Glomeromycetes

Question 14

Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 14

Ascomycetes

Question 15

Where do Ascomycetes live?

Answer 15

Variety of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats

Question 16

Vary in size and complexity from unicellular yeasts to elaborate cup fungi and morels

Answer 16

Ascomycetes

Question 17

Often called “Sac fungi”, named for the saclike ______, in which spores are produced

Answer 17

Ascomycetes; asci

Question 18

During the sexual stage, Ascomycetes produce fruiting bodies called

Answer 18

Ascocarps

Question 19

Contain the spore-forming asci

Answer 19

Ascocarps

Question 20

Include plant pathogens, decomposers, and symbionts

Answer 20

Ascomycetes

Question 21

More than ____% of all Ascomycetes species form _________

Answer 21

25; lichens

Question 22

Symbiotic associations with green algae or cyanobacteria

Answer 22

Lichens

Question 23

Some form mycorrhizae with plants

Answer 23

Ascomycetes

Question 24

What reproduce asexually by enormous numbers of asexual spores called _________

Answer 24

Ascomycetes; conidia

Question 25

Produced by conidiophores

Answer 25

Conidia

Question 26

Tips of specialized hyphae

Answer 26

Conidiophores

Question 27

In sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes, _______ fuse with the ________ of a mycelium from a different mating type

Answer 27

Conidia; hyphae

Question 28

In sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes, ________ cells are formed, each containing 2 haploid nuclei, one from each parent

Answer 28

Dikaryotic

Question 29

Form at the tips of Dikaryotic hyphae in Ascomycetes sexual reproduction

Answer 29

Asci

Question 30

__________ and _________ occur within the asci in Ascomycetes sexual reproduction

Answer 30

Karyogamy; meiosis

Question 31

In sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes, ________ develop and are discharged from the ascocarp

Answer 31

Ascospores

Question 32

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 32

Basidiomycetes

Question 33

Include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

Answer 33

Basidiomycetes

Question 34

Some of this group are mutualisms that form mycorrhizae

Answer 34

Basidiomycetes

Question 35

Others of Basidiomycetes are destructive plant parasites: ______ and _______

Answer 35

Rusts; smuts

Question 36

The phylum Basidiomycetes is named for the _________

Answer 36

Basidium

Question 37

A cell in which Karyogamy and meiosis occur

Answer 37

Basidium

Question 38

In Basidiomycetes, gives rise to the common name of club fungus

Answer 38

The club-like shape of the basidium

Question 39

Important decomposers of wood

Answer 39

Basidiomycetes

Question 40

Are the best at decomposing lignin

Answer 40

Certain Basidiomycetes

Question 41

A complex polymer abundant in wood

Answer 41

Lignin

Question 42

The life cycle of Basidiomycete usually includes a long-lived __________ mycelium

Answer 42

Dikaryotic

Question 43

In Basidiomycetes, the mycelium can reproduced sexually by producing fruiting bodies called

Answer 43

Basidiocarps

Question 44

White mushrooms

Answer 44

Basidiocarps

Question 45

Results from a concentrated growth of hyphae that forms from the Dikaryotic mycelium

Answer 45

Mushrooms

Question 46

Supports and protects a large surface area of Dikaryotic basidia on gills

Answer 46

Cap of the mushroom

Question 47

__________ occurs within the basidia, immediately followed by _______

Answer 47

Karyogamy; meiosis

Question 48

Sexually produced _______ are ejected and dispersed by wind

Answer 48

Basidiospores

Question 49

Some species of Basidiomycetes produce rings of mushrooms called “_______ ______” that may appear literally overnight

Answer 49

Fairy rings

Question 50

Play key roles in nutrient cycling, ecological interactions, and human welfare

Answer 50

Fungi

Question 51

Fungi interact with other organisms as ________, mutualisms, and ___________

Answer 51

Decomposers; pathogens

Question 52

Fungi are efficient decomposers of organic material including ______ and ________

Answer 52

Cellulose; lignin

Question 53

Together, _______ and ______ perform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and nonliving world

Answer 53

Fungi; bacteria

Question 54

Fungi form __________ relationship with _______, algae, _________, and animals

Answer 54

Mutualistic; plants; cyanobacteria

Question 55

This type of fungi absorb nutrients from a host, but reciprocate with actions that benefit the host

Answer 55

Mutualistic fungi

Question 56

All plant species harbor symbiotic __________, fungi (or bacteria) that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harm

Answer 56

Endophytes

Question 57

Most endophytes are

Answer 57

Ascomycetes

Question 58

Make toxins to defend the host plant; others help the plant tolerate heat, drought, or heavy metals

Answer 58

Endophytes

Question 59

Some fungi share digestive services with ________

Answer 59

Animals

Question 60

Help break down plant material in the guts of cattle and other grazing mammals

Answer 60

Fungi

Question 61

Many species of _____ use the digestive power of fungi by raising them in “____”

Answer 61

Ants; farms

Question 62

Are symbiotic associations between photosynthesis microorganisms and fungi

Answer 62

Lichens

Question 63

Million of photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of _________ ________

Answer 63

Fungal hyphae

Question 64

Grow on the surfaces of rocks, rotting logs, trees, and roofs and various forms

Answer 64

Lichens

Question 65

The fungal partners of Lichens are most often _________

Answer 65

Ascomycetes

Question 66

Photosynthetic partners of lichens are ________ or filamentous green algae or _____________

Answer 66

Unicellular; cyanobacteria

Question 67

Gives a Lichen its overall shape and structure, and forms most of its mass

Answer 67

Fungus

Question 68

Lichens reproduce asexually by ____________ or by formation of soredia

Answer 68

Fragmentation

Question 69

Small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae

Answer 69

Soredia

Question 70

Important pioneers on new rock and soil surfaces, such as volcanic flows or burned forests

Answer 70

Lichens

Question 71

Physically penetrate the surface and break it down chemically; some also fix ________

Answer 71

Lichens; nitrogen

Question 72

About ___% of known fungal species are parasites or pathogens, mostly on or in plants

Answer 72

30

Question 73

_________ are much less susceptible to parasitic fungi than are plants

Answer 73

Animals

Question 74

General term for fungal infection in animals

Answer 74

Mycosis

Question 75

Skin mycosis in humans is

Answer 75

Ringworm